Slow divergence integral and its application to classical Liénard equations of degree 5 (Q462904)

The tools based on the slow divergence integral for studying cyclicity of a slow-fast cycle of singularly perturbed planar vector fields was first established by \textit{F. Dumortier} and \textit{R. Roussarie} [Mem. Am. Math. Soc. 577, 100 p. (1996; Zbl 0851.34057)]. The paper under review first reformulates the expressions of this integral, and then applies it to singularly perturbed classical Liénard equations of degree 5 and obtaines the next results: the slow divergence integral along any non-degenerate slow-fast cycle has at most one zero, and the zero is simple if it exists. Consequently the cyclicity of any non-degenerate slow-fast cycle of the class of equations is at most 2. This is the first result related to the uniform bound of limit cycles for classical Liénard equations of degree 5.