No label defined (Q4664102)

Let \(M^ 3\) be a smooth orientable closed \(3\)-manifold, and let \(f: M^ 3\rightarrow \mathbb R^ 4\) be a smooth immersion with normal crossings. The paper studies the question of when there is an embedded lift of \(f\) in \(5\)-space, that is, a smooth embedding \(\tilde f: M^ 3\rightarrow \mathbb R^ 4\times \mathbb R\) such that \(f=p\circ \tilde f\), where \(p:\mathbb R^ 4\times \mathbb R\rightarrow \mathbb R^ 4\) is the projection \(p(a,b)=a\). The author gives a geometric criterion for the existence of such an embedded lift \(\tilde f\). The criterion is similar to the necessary and sufficient condition of \textit{J. S. Carter} and \textit{M. Saito} [Knot theory. Proceedings of the mini-semester. Warszawa: Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Mathematics, Banach Cent. Publ. 42, 29-47 (1998; Zbl 0910.57009)] for an immersion of a surface in \(3\)-space to lift to an embedding in \(4\)-space. As noted by the author, an immersed \(3\)-manifold in \(4\)-space can be described as a series of immersed surfaces and singular surfaces in \(3\)-space; lifts of these immersed surfaces give a deformation of surfaces in \(4\)-space. This idea is used to construct a non-liftable immersed \(3\)-sphere in \(4\)-space without quadruple points.