Almost summing and multiple almost summing multilinear operators on \(l_p\) spaces (Q466785)

The goal of this paper is to give a new characterization of almost summing and multiple almost summing multilinear operators defined on the Cartesian product of \(l_{p}\) spaces. For this, the author uses the Maurey-Rosenthal factorization theorem. The main result is considered in Theorem 1: For \(1\leq p_{1},\dots ,p_{n}<2\leq r_{1},\dots ,r_{n}<\infty \) such that \(\frac{1}{p_{j}}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{r_{j}}\) for \(1\leq j\leq n\), the following are equivalent: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[{\((i)\)}] A bounded multilinear operator \(U:l_{p_{1}}\times \dots \times l_{p_{n}}\rightarrow Y\) is almost summing (respectively, multiple almost summing). \item[{\((ii)\)}] \(U\circ (M_{a_{1}},\dots ,M_{a_{n}}):l_{2}\times \dots \times l_{2}\rightarrow Y\) is almost summing (respectively, multiple almost summing) for each \(a_{1}\in l_{r_{1}},\dots,a_{1}\in l_{r_{n}}. \) \end{itemize}} For the proof, \((i) \Rightarrow (ii)\) is immediate by the ideal property. For the converse, the author defines the operator \(S_{j}:l_{2}\rightarrow l_{p_{j}}\) by \(S_{j}(\xi )=\sum_{i=1}^{m}\left\langle \xi ,e_{i}\right\rangle x_{i}^{j},\) with \((x_{i}^{j})_{1\leq i\leq m}\subset l_{p_{j}}\). The operator \(S_{j}\) is bounded and then by the Maurey-Rosenthal factorization theorem there are \( V_{j}:l_{2}\rightarrow l_{2}\) and \(a_{j}\in l_{r_{j}}\) such that \( S_{j}=M_{a_{j}}\circ V_{j}.\) Since by \((ii)\), \(U\circ (M_{a_{1}},\dots ,M_{a_{n}})\) is almost summing, and we deduce that \( U\circ (S_{1},\dots ,S_{n}):l_{2}\times \dots \times l_{2}\rightarrow Y\) is almost summing. By remarking that \(\rho _{2}(U(x_{i}^{1},\dots ,x_{i}^{n})\mid 1\leq i\leq m)=\rho _{2}(U\circ (S_{1},\dots ,S_{n})(e_{i},\dots ,e_{i})\mid 1\leq i\leq m)\) and \(w_{2}((e_{i})_{1\leq i\leq m}:l_{2})=1,\) we find the result. The same way for multiple almost summing. In Proposition 1, the author gives a characterization for the multilinear operator \(M_{a}:l_{2}\times \dots \times l_{2}\rightarrow l_{q}\) defined by \(M_{a}(x_{1},\dots x_{n})=ax_{1}\dots x_{n}\) and \(1\leq q<\infty\). \(M_{a}\) is almost summing if and only if it is multiple almost summing if and only if \(a\in l_{q}\). Finally, in the last result, he shows that, if \(1\leq p_{1},\dots ,p_{n}<2\), \( 1\leq p_{n+1}<\infty \), then \(M_{a}:l_{p_{1}}\times \dots \times l_{p_{n}}\rightarrow l_{p_{n+1}}\) is almost summing if and only is multiple summing if and only if \(a\in l_{s}\), where \(\frac{1}{s}=\frac{1}{p_{n+1}} -(\frac{1}{p_{1}}+\dots +\frac{1}{p_{n}})+\frac{n}{2}\) if \(\frac{1 }{p_{n+1}}>\frac{1}{p_{1}}+\dots +\frac{1}{p_{n}}-\frac{n}{2},\) or \(a\in l_{\infty }\) if \(\frac{1}{p_{n+1}}\leq \frac{1}{p_{1}}+\dots +\frac{1}{p_{n}}- \frac{n}{2}.\)