Robust normal forms for saddles of analytic vector fields (Q4667986)

A system of ordinary differential equations \[ \dot{x}=f(x), \qquad x\in \mathbb R^n, \] with a nondegenerate saddle fixed-point \( 0 \in \mathbb R^n \) is considered. Analytic normal forms which are linear up to \(d^l,l\geq 1,\) where \(d\) is a distance to the coordinate cross, are constructed in case the linear part of the system is nonresonant. A technique for describing the behavior of the trajectories of the normalized system inside the cube \(B_r\) with radius \(r\), centred at the saddle point, is introduced. A transfer map \(\Gamma:\Sigma_i \to \Sigma_j\), where \(\Sigma_i \) and \( \Sigma_j\) are different faces of the cube \(B_r\), is considered. Main theorems give the enclosures for the transfer map in case the linear part of the system above is nonresonant and has one or more positive eigenvalues. The developed methods allow for small perturbations of the underlying vector field. This robustness is vital when modelling systems containing small uncertainties, and in the development of numerical ODE solvers producing rigorous error bounds.