The topological structure of (homogeneous) spaces and groups with countable cs∗-character (Q4668077)

Let \(X\) be a topological space (only \(T_1\)-spaces are considered throughout the paper) and let \({\mathcal N}\) be a collection of subsets of \(X\). We say that \({\mathcal N}\) is an sb-network at \(x\in X\) if for each neighborhood \(U\) of \(x\) there is an element \(N\) in \({\mathcal N}\), such that \(N\subset U\) and for each sequence \((x_n)\) converging in \(X\) to \(x\) the set \(N\) contains almost all elements of \((x_n)\). We say that \(N\) is a cs-network (resp. cs\(^*\)-network) at \(x\in X\) if for each neighborhood \(U\) of \(x\) and each sequence \((x_n)\) converging in \(X\) to \(x\) there is an element \(N\) in \({\mathcal N}\), such that \(N\subset U\) and \(N\) contains almost all (resp. infinitely many) elements of the sequence \((x_n)\). The smallest size \(|{\mathcal N}|\) of an sb-network (resp. cs-network, cs\(^*\)-network) \({\mathcal N}\) at a point \(x\in X\) is called the sb-character (resp. cs-character, cs\(^*\)-character) of \(X\) at \(x\) and their \(\sup_{x\in X}\) is called the sb-character (resp. cs-character, cs\(^*\)-character) of \(X\). First, the interplay between the characters introduced above and other similar invariants is described. Second, the principal result states that each non-metrizable sequential topological group with countable cs\(^*\)-character has countable pseudo-character and contains an open \(k_\omega\)-subgroup. Third, a number of very interesting (technical and deep) results concerning all kinds of topological invariants is given. Fourth, five problems concerning the cs-character and the cs\(^*\)-character are formulated.