TRANSITIVE AND HYPERCYCLIC OPERATORS ON LOCALLY CONVEX SPACES (Q4676397)

A continuous function \(f: X\to X\) from a Hausdorff topological space \(X\) into itself is called transitive if, for each pair of nonempty open subsets \(U,V\) of \(X\), there is an \(n\in\mathbb N\) such that \(f^n(U)\cap V\not = \emptyset\). Topological transitivity was introduced in 1920 by \textit{G.\,D.\thinspace Birkhoff} [cf.\ Collected mathematical papers, Vol.\ II (\({}^3\)1968; Zbl 0225.01009), p.~108, p.~221]. If the space \(X\) has no isolated points and there is a point \(x\in X\) whose orbit Orb\((f,x)=\{x, f(x), f^2(x), \dots\}\) is dense in \(X\), then \(f\) is transitive. The converse holds if \(X\) is a metrizable separable Baire space. A continuous and linear map \(T: E\to E\) acting on a Hausdorff locally convex space \(E\) is called hypercyclic if there exists a vector \(x\in E\) such that its orbit Orb\((T,x)\) is dense in \(E\). Thus, if \(E\) is a separable Fréchet space, then an operator \(T\) on \(E\) is hypercyclic if and only if it is transitive. Since the Baire category theorem is essential in most of the fundamental results concerning hypercyclicity, the operators are usually considered acting on Fréchet spaces. Recently, several interesting results concerning hypercyclicity have been shown to be hold for arbitrary locally convex spaces [see \textit{S.\,I.\thinspace Ansari}, J.~Funct.\ Anal.\ 18, 374--383 (1995; Zbl 0853.47013); \textit{J.\,Bonet}, J.\ Lond.\ Math.\ Soc., II.\ Ser.\ 62, 253--262 (2000; Zbl 0956.46029); \textit{P.\,S.\thinspace Bourdon}, Proc.\ Am.\ Math.\ Soc.\ 128, 845--847 (1993; Zbl 0809.47005); \textit{G.\,Costakis}, C.\ R.\ Acad.\ Sci.\ Paris Ser.\ I Math.\ 330, 179--182 (2000; Zbl 0953.47004); \textit{A.\,Peris}, Math.\ Z.\ 236, 779--786 (2001; Zbl 0994.47011); \textit{P.\,S.\thinspace Bourdon} and \textit{N.\,S.\thinspace Feldman}, Indiana Univ.\ Math.\ J.\ 52, 811--819 (2003; Zbl 1049.47002); \textit{J.\,Bonet} and \textit{A.\,Peris}, J.\ Funct.\ Anal.\ 159, 587--595 (1998; Zbl 0926.47011)]. On the other hand, the problem of the existence of transitive operators on non-separable Banach spaces was also considered by \textit{T.\,Bermùdez} and \textit{N.\,J.\thinspace Kalton} [Proc.\ Am.\ Math.\ Soc.\ 130, 1447--1455 (2002; Zbl 0996.47011)]. This is the motivation of this paper for investigating several questions related to the existence of transitive and hypercyclic operators. In particular, the following results are proved. (1) There exist transitive operators on the space \(\varphi\) of all finite sequences endowed with the finest locally convex topology. (2) The space of all test functions for distributions, which is also a complete direct sum of Fréchet spaces, admits hypercyclic operators. (3) Every separable infinite-dimensional Fréchet space contains a dense hyperplane that admits no transitive operator.