Descriptive set theoretic phenomena in analysis and topology (Q4694271)

[For the entire collection see Zbl 0758.00014.] This is a very interesting survey on three types of descriptive set theoretic phenomena, namely: 1. true \(\Sigma_ n^ 1\) (true \(\Pi_ n^ 1\)) sets (i.e., pointsets which are \(\Sigma_ n^ 1\) (\(\Pi_ n^ 1\)) but not \(\Delta_ n^ 1\)); 2. universal sets (\(U\subset X\times Y\) is a universal set for \(\Sigma_ n^ 1| Y\) if \(U\) is \(\Sigma_ n^ 1\) and every \(\Sigma_ n^ 1\) subset of \(Y\) is equal to some vertical section of \(U\)); 3. inseparable pairs of disjoint \(\Pi_ 1^ 1\) sets (i.e., \(\Pi_ 1^ 1\) sets which cannot be separated by any Borel set). The author gives some examples of such sets, which occur in analysis and topology. Typical examples: 1. the set \(A\) of all differentiable functions is a true \(\Pi_ 1^ 1\) set in the space \(C[0,1]\) of all real continuous functions defined on the unit interval, the set \(B\) of all continuous functions which satisfy the conclusion of Rolle's Theorem is a true \(\Sigma_ 1^ 1\) set in \(C[0,1]\); 2. the sets \(A\) and \(C[0,1]\backslash B\) are Borel inseparable; 3. for every \(\Sigma_ 2^ 1\) set \(S\subset C[0,1]\) there exists a sequence \((f_ i)_{i\in (C[0,1])^ \omega}\) such that \(S\) is equal to the set of all \(g\in C[0,1]\) such that some subsequence of \((f_ i)_ i\) converges pointwise to \(g\). All examples considered in the paper belong to the third level of the projective hierarchy. Remark: There is probably a mistake on page 21: for every \(f\in C[0,1]\) the set \(M(f,a,b)\) of maximums of \(f| [a,b]\) is an \(F_ \sigma\) set but it need not be closed.