Biharmonic surfaces of constant mean curvature (Q471295)

A map \(\phi:(M^m, g)\to (N^n,h)\) between Riemannian manifolds is a biharmonic map if it is a critical point of the bienergy functional \(E_2(\phi)=\frac{1}{2}\int_M|\tau(\phi)|^2dv_g\), where \(\tau(\phi)\) is the tension field of the map \(\phi\). Equivalently, \(\phi\) is a biharmonic map if and only if its bitension field \[ \tau_2(\phi):=-\Delta \tau(\phi)-\text{trace}_g\, \text{R}^N (\text{d}\phi(\cdot), \tau(\phi)) \text{d}\phi(\cdot)=0 \] vanishes identically. The biharmonic stress energy tensor of the map \(\phi:(M^m, g)\to (N^n,h)\) is defined to be \[ S_2(X,Y)=[\frac{1}{2}|\tau(\phi)|^2+\langle \text{d}\phi, \nabla\tau(\phi) \rangle] g(X, Y) -\langle \text{d}\phi(X), \nabla_Y\tau(\phi) \rangle-\langle \text{d}\phi(Y), \nabla_X\tau(\phi) \rangle. \] An interesting link between the bitension field and the biharmonic stress energy tensor was given by \textit{G. Jiang} in [Acta Math. Sin. 30, No. 2, 220--225 (1987; Zbl 0631.58007)] as: \(\operatorname{div} S_2=-\langle\text{d} \phi, \tau_2(\phi)\rangle\). In the paper under review, the authors compute the rough Laplacian of the biharmonic stress energy tensor and use it to proved some rigidity results for biharmonic constant mean curvature surfaces.