Biharmonic surfaces of constant mean curvature (Q471295)

A map \(\phi:(M^m, g)\to (N^n,h)\) between Riemannian manifolds is a biharmonic map if it is a critical point of the bienergy functional \(E_2(\phi)=\frac{1}{2}\int_M|\tau(\phi)|^2dv_g\), where \(\tau(\phi)\) is the tension field of the map \(\phi\). Equivalently, \(\phi\) is a biharmonic map if and only if its bitension field NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\tau_2(\phi):=-\Delta \tau(\phi)-\text{trace}_g\, \text{R}^N (\text{d}\phi(\cdot), \tau(\phi)) \text{d}\phi(\cdot)=0NEWLINE\]NEWLINE vanishes identically. The biharmonic stress energy tensor of the map \(\phi:(M^m, g)\to (N^n,h)\) is defined to be NEWLINE\[NEWLINES_2(X,Y)=[\frac{1}{2}|\tau(\phi)|^2+\langle \text{d}\phi, \nabla\tau(\phi) \rangle] g(X, Y) -\langle \text{d}\phi(X), \nabla_Y\tau(\phi) \rangle-\langle \text{d}\phi(Y), \nabla_X\tau(\phi) \rangle.NEWLINE\]NEWLINE An interesting link between the bitension field and the biharmonic stress energy tensor was given by \textit{G. Jiang} in [Acta Math. Sin. 30, No. 2, 220--225 (1987; Zbl 0631.58007)] as: \(\operatorname{div} S_2=-\langle\text{d} \phi, \tau_2(\phi)\rangle\). NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEIn the paper under review, the authors compute the rough Laplacian of the biharmonic stress energy tensor and use it to proved some rigidity results for biharmonic constant mean curvature surfaces.