The Calabi construction for compact flat orbifolds (Q471448)

An \(n\)-dimensional crystallographic group (space group) is a discrete group \(G\) of isometries of Euclidean \(n\)-space \(\mathbb R^n\) whose orbit space \(\mathbb R^n/G\) is compact. In a previous paper entitled ``Fibered orbifolds and crystallographic groups'', [Algebr. Geom. Topol. 10, No. 3, 1627--1664 (2010; Zbl 1245.57026)], the authors proved that the fibered orbifold structures of \(\mathbb R^n/G\) are in one-to-one correspondence with the complete normal subgroups of \(G\). A normal subgroup \(N\) of \(G\) is complete precisely when \(G/N\) is also a space group. In the present paper it is proved that a fibered orbifold structure on \(\mathbb R^n/G\) can be described by a generalized Calabi construction, that is, \(\mathbb R^n/G\) is represented as the quotient of the Cartesian product of two flat orbifolds under the diagonal action of a structure group of isometries. The authors determine the structure group. Many examples are given which illustrate the above results, mainly in dimensions 2 and 3.