Finitely generated algebras with involution and multiplicities bounded by a constant. (Q471897)

Let \(A\) be an associative algebra with involution over a field \(F\) of characteristic 0. By analogy with the case of ordinary PI-algebras, one considers the cocharacter sequence of the \(*\)-polynomial identities of \(A\). Instead of characters of the symmetric group one uses characters of the hyperoctahedral group \(H_n=\mathbb Z_2\wr S_n\) of degree \(n\). The irreducible \(H_n\)-characters \(\chi_{\lambda\mu}\) are indexed by pairs of partitions \(\lambda\vdash r\), \(\mu\vdash n-r\). In the paper under review the author studies finitely generated algebras \(A\) with involution with the property that the multiplicities \(m_{\lambda\mu}\) in the \(*\)-cocharacter sequence \[ \chi_n^*(A)=\sum_{r=0}^n\sum_{_{\substack{\lambda\vdash r\\ \mu\vdash n-r}}}m_{\lambda\mu}\chi_{\lambda\mu} \] are bounded by a constant. She establishes two equivalent conditions to this property: (i) There is a constant \(q\) such that if \(m_{\lambda\mu}\neq 0\) for \(\lambda=(\lambda_1,\ldots,\lambda_i)\vdash r\), \(\mu=(\mu_1,\ldots,\mu_j)\vdash n-r\), then \(n-\lambda_1-(\mu_1+\mu_2+\mu_3)<q\); (ii) The algebra \(M=F(e_{11}+e_{44})+Fe_{12}+F(e_{22}+e_{33})+Fe_{34}\) with involution which flips the matrices from \(M\) along their second diagonal does not belong to the variety of algebras with involution generated by \(A\). By a theorem of \textit{I. Sviridova} [J. Algebra 383, 144-167 (2013; Zbl 1306.16017)] if the finitely generated algebra \(A\) with involution satisfies an ordinary polynomial identity, then there exists a finite dimensional algebra with involution which satisfies the same \(*\)-polynomial identities as \(A\). In this way the proof of the main result of the paper under review is reduced to the case when the algebra \(A\) is finite dimensional. Then the author combines two methods -- structure theory of finite dimensional algebras with involution and combinatorial techniques which use the known information for the \(*\)-cocharacters of \(*\)-simple algebras of small dimension. As a consequence she obtains that a finite dimensional algebra \(A\) with involution has a polynomially bounded \(*\)-codimension sequence if and only if the \(*\)-colength \(l_n^*(A)=\sum m_{\lambda\mu}\), \(|\lambda|+|\mu|=n\) is bounded by a constant.