Invariants and isomorphism theorems for zero-divisor graphs of commutative rings of quotients (Q471981)

Let \(R\) be a commutative ring with \(1\neq0\), and let \(Z(R)\) denote the set of zero-divisors of \(R\). The zero-divisor graph \(\Gamma(R)\) of \(R\) is the simple undirected graph with vertices \(V(\Gamma(R))=Z(R)\backslash\{0\}\), such that distinct vertices \(v,w\in V(\Gamma(R))\) are adjacent if and only if \(vw=0\). A ring \(R\) satisfies \(\mathfrak{N}_{\alpha}\)-(g.a.c) (the \(\mathfrak{N}_{\alpha}\)-generalized annihilator condition) if, given any subset \(A\subseteq R\) with \(|A|<\mathfrak{N}_{\alpha}\), there exists an \(r\in R\) such that \(\text{ann}_{R}(A)=\text{ann}_{R}(r)\) . We say that \(R\) satisfies (g.a.c.) if it satisfies \(\mathfrak{N}_{\alpha}\)-(g.a.c) for every ordinal \(\alpha\). It is shown that if \(R\) is a decomposable ring, then \(R\) satisfies \(\mathfrak{N}_{\alpha}\)-(g.a.c) if and only if \(\Gamma(R)\) is a weak central vertex \(\mathfrak{N}_{\alpha}\)-complete graph in Theorem 3.14 and Corollary 3.15. On the other hand, if \(R\) is any reduced ring, then \(R\) satisfies \(\mathfrak{N}_{\alpha}\)-(g.a.c) if and only if \(\Gamma(R)\) is a central vertex \(\mathfrak{N}_{\alpha}\)-complete graph (Theorem 3.1 and Corollary 3.13). A set \(D\) is dense if \(\text{ann}_{R}(D)=\{0\}\). Let \(F=\cup_{\mathcal{\mathfrak{d}}}\text{Hom}(\mathfrak{d},R)\), where the union is taken over all dense ideals of \(R\), and \(Q(R)=F/\sim\), where \(f_{1}\sim f_{2}\) if and only if \(f_{1}|_{D}=f_{2}|_{D}\) for some dense set \(D\) of \(R\). Let \(\alpha\) be an ordinal and \(Q_{\alpha}(R)=\{f\in Q(R)|\) there exists a \({D\subseteq f^{-1}R}\) such that \(\text{ann}_{R}(D)=\{0\}\) and \(|D|<\mathfrak{N}_{\alpha}\}\). Four of the five possible relations between \(\Gamma(R)\), \(\Gamma(Q_{0}(R))\) and \(\Gamma(Q(R))\) are shown to exist in Theorem 4.2. Furthermore, examples are constructed to show that \(\mathfrak{N}_{\alpha}\)-(g.a.c) is not a necessary condition for the relation \(\Gamma(R)\cong\Gamma(Q_{\alpha}(R))\) to hold.