Hausdorff operator on real Hardy spaces (Q472114)

The authors study the Hausdorff operator \[ h_\Phi f(x)=\int_0^\infty\frac{\Phi(t)}tf\Big(\frac xt\Big)\,dt,\quad x\in\mathbb R, \] where \(\Phi\) is a locally integrable function on \((0,\infty)\), which is an extension of the Hardy operator \(H\) (corresponding to the case \(\Phi(t)=t^{-1}\chi_{(1,\infty)}(t)\)). It was proved in [\textit{E.\ Liflyand} and \textit{F.\ Móricz,}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 128, No. 5, 1391--1396 (2000; Zbl 0951.47038)] that, whenever \(\Phi\in L^1(0,\infty)\), then \(h_\Phi\) is bounded on the Hardy space \(H^1(\mathbb R)\). One of the main results of this paper is to actually prove that the converse is also true, under the condition that \(\Phi\) is non-negative: if \(\Phi\geq 0\) and \(h_\Phi\) is bounded on \(H^1(\mathbb R)\), then \(\Phi\in L^1(0,\infty)\). As a corollary, the authors obtain that the Hardy operator is not bounded on \(H^1(\mathbb R)\), although they are able to show that \[ \| H(f)\|_{H^1(\mathbb R)}\leq C\| f\|_{H^1(\mathbb R)}, \] for all even functions \(f\in H^1(\mathbb R)\). Extensions are also considered for weak-type estimates in \(H^{1,\infty}(\mathbb R)\), as well as boundedness of the \(k\)-th order Hardy operator.