Padé approximants, density of rational functions in \(A^\infty(\varOmega)\) and smoothness of the integration operator (Q472357)

Let \(\Omega\) be a domain in the complex plane \(\mathbb{C}\). \(X^\infty(\Omega)\) denotes the closure in \(A^\infty(\Omega)\) of the set of rational functions with poles off \(\overline\Omega\), here the closure \(\overline\Omega\) of the domain \(\Omega\) is taken with respect to the finite plane \(\mathbb{C}\). The authors establish some generic universalities for Padé approximants in \(X^\infty(\Omega)\). Sufficient conditions on \(\Omega\) that \(X^\infty(\Omega)=A^\infty(\Omega)\) are given. { Theorem 5.1.} Let \(\Omega\) be a bounded, connected and open subset of \(\mathbb{C}\) such that (a) \((\overline\Omega)^0=\Omega\), (b) \(\mathbb{C}\setminus\overline\Omega\) is connected, (c) there exists \(M<+\infty\) such that, for every \(a, b\in \Omega\), there exists a curve \(\gamma\) inside \(\Omega\) (i.e., a continuous function \(\gamma:[0, 1] \rightarrow\Omega\)) such that \(\gamma(0) =a\), \(\gamma(1) =b\) and \(\mathrm{Length}(\gamma) \leqslant M\). Then the polynomials are dense in \(A^\infty(\Omega)\) \((\)and therefore \(X^\infty(\Omega)=A^\infty(\Omega))\). In the paper, the smoothness of the integration operator \(H(\Omega) \ni f\mapsto F(f)\in H(\Omega)\) is also investigated, where \(F'(f) =f\) on \(\Omega\) and \(F(f)(z_0) =0\) for some fixed point \(z_0\in\Omega\). Sufficient conditions so that \(F(f)\in H^\infty(\Omega)\) for all \(f\in H^\infty(\Omega)\), as well as \(F(f)\in A(\Omega)\) for all \(f\in A(\Omega)\), are given. A result in this direction for Volterra operators on the open unit disc \(D\) is also obtained.