\(K3\) surfaces with an order 60 automorphism and a characterization of supersingular \(K3\) surfaces with Artin invariant \(1\) (Q477940)

This article studies \(K3\) surfaces with an automorphism of order 60 over an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(p\geq 0\). In the complex case, authors like Xiao and \textit{N. Machida} and \textit{K. Oguiso} [J. Math. Sci., Tokyo 5, No. 2, 273--297 (1998; Zbl 0949.14022)] showed that a positive integer \(N\) is the order of a purely non-symplectic automorphism on a complex \(K3\) surface if and only if \(N\neq 60\) and \(\phi(N)\leq 20\), where \(\phi\) is the Euler function. The main result of the paper is about a \(K3\) surface that carries an automorphism of order 60. Let \(X\) be a \(K3\) surface with an automorphism \(g\) of order 60 in characteristic \(p\neq 2,3,5\) ; then the main theorem shows that \((X,\langle g\rangle)\) is isomorphic to \((X_{60},\langle g_{60}\rangle)\) where \[ X_{60}:=(y^2+x^3+t_0t_1^{11}-t_0^{11}t_1=0)\subset \mathbb P(6,4,1,1),\qquad g_{60}(t_0,t_1,x,y)=(t_0,\zeta_{60}^6t_1,\zeta_{60}^2x, \zeta_{60}^3y) \] and \(\zeta_{60}\) is a primitive root of unity of order 60. The theorem also proves that the automorphism \(g\) is not purely non-symplectic and, as a corollary, allows to find all possible orders of a non-symplectic automorphism on a \(K3\) surface in characteristic \(p>0\), \(p\neq 2,3,5\). Moreover, in characteristic \(p\equiv 11 (\mod 12) X_{60}\) is a supersingular \(K3\) surface with Artin invariant 1. Since a supersingular \(K3\) surface with Artin invariant 1 is unique up to isomorphism, \(X_{60}\) is thus isomorphic to the Fermat quartic surface, which is known to be supersingular with Artin invariant 1 if \(p\equiv 3\) (mod 4). Hence the author can conclude that the Fermat quartic is the only \(K3\) surface with an order 60 automorphism when \(p\equiv 11\) (mod 12).