Equivalent quasi-norms on Lorentz spaces (Q4780412)

Let \(\Omega\) be a Lebesgue measurable subset of the Euclidean \(n\)-dimensonal space \(\mathbb{R}^n\), where \(n\geq 1\), with measure \({\mathbf m}\). If \(f\) is a measurable function on \(\Omega\), then the non-increasing rearrangement \(f^*\) of \(f\) is defined in terms of the distribution function \(\lambda_f\) by \(f^*(t)= \inf\{a: \lambda_f(a)\leq t\}\), where \(\lambda_f(a)= {\mathbf m}(\{x\in \Omega: |f(x)|>a\})\). The maximal function \(f^{**}\) associated with \(f^*\) is defined by \(f^{**}(s)=s^{-1} \int_{[0,s]} f(t)dt\), so that \(f^*(s)\leq f^{**}(s) \), \(s>0\). If \(0<r<\infty\), \(0<p<\infty\), then the norm expression \(\|\cdot \|_{p,r}\) and norm \(\|\cdot \|_{(p,r)}\) are defined by \[ \begin{aligned} \|f \|_{p,r} &= (\int_{[0,{\mathbf m}(\Omega)]} t^{(r/p)-1} f^*(t)^rdt)^{1/r};\\ \|f\|_{(p,r)} ^= (\int_{[0,{\mathbf m} (\Omega)]}t^{(r/p)-1}f^{**} (t)^rdt)^{1/r}.\end{aligned} \] If \[ \begin{aligned} c_{p,q}(f)(t) &= \sup\{\tau^{(1/p)-(1/q)}f^{**} (\tau):t< \tau<{\mathbf m}(\Omega)\};\\ c^*_{p,q}(f) (t) &=\sup\{\tau^{(1/p)- (1/q)}f^{**} (\tau):0 <\tau<t\},\end{aligned} \] then the main results of this paper include equivalence of norms in the form \[ \|f\|_{(p,r)}\approx(\int_{[0,m (\Omega)]}t^{(r/q)-1} c_{p,q}(f) (t)^r dt)^{1/r};\tag{i} \] \[ \|f\|_{(p,r)} \approx(\int_{[0, {\mathbf m}(\Omega)]} t^{(r/q)-1} c^*_{p,q}(f) (t)^rdt)^{1/r};\tag{ii} \] \[ \|f\|_{(p,r)} \approx \{\int_{[0, {\mathbf m} (\Omega)]}t^{(r/q)-1}(\int_{[t, {\mathbf m} (\Omega)]}s^{(1 /p)-(1/q) -1}f^{**}(s)ds)^r dt\}^{1/r}.\tag{iii} \] Estimates involving the Hilbert transform on \(\mathbb{R}\) and the Riesz potential operator on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) are derived from known results involving the non-increasing rearrangements of the transforms.