No label defined (Q4782292)

A baric algebra \((A,\omega)\) is a commutative algebra \(A\) over a field \(K\) of characteristic not 2 with a weight homomorphism \(\omega:A \longrightarrow K\) that is a nonzero algebra homomorphism. Then, \(B=\ker(\omega)\) is called the bar-ideal of \((A,\omega)\). If \(e\) is an element in \(A\) such that \(\omega (e)=1\), then \(A=Ke\oplus B\). Let \(\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_{n-1}\) be elements in \(K\) with \(1+\alpha_1+\dots+ \alpha_{n-1}=0\). The formal expression \((*)\) \(p(x)= x^n+ \alpha_1\omega(x)x^{n-1}+\dots+ \alpha_{n-1}\omega(x)^{n-1}x\) is called a train polynomial of degree \(n\) and coefficients \(\alpha_1,\dots,\alpha_{n-1}\). If a baric algebra \((A,\omega)\) satisfies the identity \(p(a)=0\) for all \(a\) in \(A\), \((A,\omega)\) is called a train algebra. An equation like \((*)\) with minimum degree is the rank equation of \(A\) and \(n\) is the rank of \(A\). In this paper, the authors develop the theory of train algebras of rank 4. The results are obtained for the particular case of baric algebras having an idempotent element of weight one and for the equation \(x^4=\omega (x)^3x\). Train algebras of rank 4 in fields of characteristic 2 are considered at the end of the work.