No label defined (Q4782402)

This is an expository paper written to attract attention to the famous K. Weierstrass theorems on uniform approximation of a continuous function on a segment by algebraic polynomials and on uniform approximation of a continuous \(2\pi\)-periodic function by trigonometric polynomials on the real line. First, the author proves that these theorems are equivalent and they are equivalent to completeness of algebraic polynomials on an arbitrary segment, to completeness of trigonometric polynomials on \([-\pi,\pi]\), to any sufficient condition for uniform convergence of Fourier trigonometric series. Then the author reproduces three proofs of the uniform approximation by algebraic polynomials due to K. Weierstrass, to H. Lebesgue, and to S. Bernstein. L. Fejér's proof of approximation by trigonometric polynomials is also presented. As a further development of the theory the M. Stone-K. Weierstrass approximation theorem in the space of continuous functions on metric compacts is formulated. Approximation by polynomials on the complex plane is also discussed. In abstract setting of the Hilbert space or general Banach space theorems relative to the best approximation by elements of a fixed subspace are discussed. As an application different modes of the Fourier series convergence are described. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0989.00007].