On the operad of bigraft algebras. (Q478359)

A bigraft algebra is a vector space \(A\) with three products \(*,\prec,\succ\) such that for all \(x,y,z\in A\): \[ \begin{alignedat}{3} (x*y)\succ z &=x\succ (y\succ z),&\quad (x\succ y)*z& =x\succ (y*z),&\quad (x\prec y)\prec z& =x\prec(y*z),\\ (x*y)\prec z& =x*(y\prec z),&\quad (x\succ y)\prec z& =x\succ (y\prec z),&\quad (x*y)*z& =x*(y*z).\end{alignedat} \] The free bigraft algebra \(H\) on one generator is described. It admits a basis of planar rooted forests whose edges are decorated by two elements denoted by \(l\) and \(r\), with certain conditions, and the three products admit combinatorial definitions. A combinatorial description of the underlying operad is deduced. Its Koszul dual is given, the associated homology is described and finally it is proved that it is Koszul, using the rewriting method. Two coproducts are defined on \(H\). The first one, similar to the Connes-Kreimer coproduct on rooted trees, makes it a Hopf algebra. A Hopf pairing, conjecturally nondegenerate, is also defined, and compatibilities between the products and this coproduct are studied. The second coproduct makes it an infinitesimal bialgebra. It turns out that the space of primitive elements for this coproduct is an \(\mathcal L\)-algebra, that is to say it is equipped with the two products \(\prec\) and \(\succ\), and for all \(x,y,z\in\mathrm{Prim}(H)\), \((x\succ y)\prec z=x\succ (y\prec z)\). A Cartier-Quillen-Milnor-Moore theorem finally gives a good triple of operads involving the operads of associative algebras, of bigraft operads, and of \(\mathcal L\)-algebras: any connected infinitesimal bigraft bialgebra is the enveloping algebra of an \(\mathcal L\)-algebra.