Poisson surfaces and algebraically completely integrable systems (Q478601)

Many of the well studied algebraically integrable systems of Jacobians come equipped with a canonical Poisson ruled surface encoding much of their geometry. A canonical example is the \(\mathrm{GL}(n,\mathbb{C})\)-Hitchin system on a Riemann surface \(X\), consisting of equivalence classes of semistable Higgs bundles, i.e., pairs \((E,\phi)\) where \(E\) is a rank \(n\) holomorphic vector bundle on \(X\), and \(\phi\) -- the Higgs field -- is a holomorphic section of \(\mathrm{End}(E)\otimes K_X(D)\), where \(K_X\) is the canonical line bundle of \(X\) and \(D\) a positive divisor of \(X\) see \textit{N. Hitchin} [Duke Math. J. 54, 91--114 (1987; Zbl 0627.14024)]. Another example is the Sklyanin system on \(X\), if its genus is \(0\) or \(1\) (see \textit{J. C. Hurtubise} and \textit{E. Markman} [Commun. Math. Phys. 230, No. 3, 485--502 (2002; Zbl 1041.37034)]). It turns out that the classification of ruled surfaces with a Poisson structure over a Riemann surface \(X\) of genus \(g\) was achieved by \textit{C. Bartocci} and \textit{E. Macrì} [Commun. Contemp. Math. 7, No. 1, 89--95 (2005; Zbl 1071.14514)], and is quite restricted. In a very simplified manner, if \(P=\mathbb{P}(V)\) is such a surface, then \(V\) is a rank two vector bundle given by \(V=L\oplus\mathcal O_X\), where \(L\) is a line bundle of positive degree (and these cases are covered by the Hitchin and Sklyanin systems mentioned above), or, if \(g\geq 1\), then \(V\) could also be the non-trivial extension \(0\to K_X\to V\to \mathcal{O}_X\to 0\). The present paper deals with the question of understanding what, if anything, the surface corresponding to the non-trivial extension corresponds to. The authors find a geometry very similar to that of the Hitchin systems; instead of Higgs fields \(\phi\) which are endomorphisms taking values in the one-forms, they find Higgs fields \(\psi\) taking values in the connections on a fixed line bundle \(L\). The moduli space of such objects is in fact a deformation of the moduli space of Higgs bundles over \(X\), which is consistent to the fact that the corresponding Poisson surface is a deformation of \(\mathbb{P}(K_X\oplus\mathcal{O}_X)\).