Modules over the noncommutative torus and elliptic curves (Q479687)

The noncommutative torus \({\mathcal A}_{\theta}\) is a universal \(C^*\)-algebra on two unitary generators satisfying the commutation relation \(vu=e^{2\pi i\theta}uv\) for a real constant \(\theta\). An elliptic curve \(E_{\tau}\) can be uniformized by the complex torus \({\mathbb C}/({\mathbb Z}+{\mathbb Z}\tau)\), where \(\tau\) is a complex constant taking value in the Lobachevsky half-plane \({\mathbb H}\). The authors study finitely generated projective modules over the algebra \({\mathcal A}_{\theta}\) on the one hand, and the so-called Moyal deformation of the vector bundles over an elliptic curve \(E_{\tau}\) on the other. They prove that the two objects above are isomorphic if and only if \[ \tau-{p\theta\over 2}i\in {\mathbb Z}+{\mathbb Z}i, \] where \(p\) is the degree of a line bundle over \(E_{\tau}\). It is an interesting result, because for example, \(\theta\in {\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{d})\) if and only if \(\tau\in {\mathbb Q}(\sqrt{-d})\) for a square-free integer \(d>0\); such an observation has a powerful application in number theory, e.g., to a solution of Hilbert's 12-th problem for real quadratic number fields.