Special cycles on unitary Shimura varieties. II: Global theory (Q479916)

This paper gives a contribution to the Kudla program. ``Let \(K\) be an imaginary quadratic field with ring of integers \(\mathcal{O}\). Let \(n\) be a positive integer and let \(r\) be such that \(0 \leq r \leq n\). Consider the moduli space \(\mathcal{M}(n-r,r)\) over \(\mathrm{Spec} \mathcal{O}\), which parametrizes principally polarized abelian varieties \((A,\lambda)\) of dimension \(n\) with an action \(\iota : \mathcal{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{End}(A)\). We require that the Rosati involution corresponding to \(\lambda\) induces the non-trivial automorphism of \(\mathcal{O}\) and that the representation of \(\mathcal{O}\) on the Lie algebra of \(A\) is equivalent to the sum of \(n-r\) copies of the natural representation and \(r\) copies of the conjugate representation. Hence, for \(n = 1\) and \(r=0\) we obtain the usual moduli space \(\mathcal{M}_0\) of elliptic curves with complex multiplication by \(\mathcal{O}\).'' These moduli spaces are Deligne-Mumford stacks and not schemes. For a positive semi-definite hermitian matrix \(T\) of size \(m\), the authors introduce the special cycle \(\mathcal{Z}(T)\) defined as a certain moduli space over \(\mathcal{M}(n-r,r)\times \mathcal{M}_0\). When \(n=1\), the matrix \(T\) is called non-degenerate if \(\mathcal{Z}(T)\) has codimension \(m\) in \(\mathcal{M}(n-1,1) \times \mathcal{M}_0\). In this case, the authors are able to relate intersection numbers of special cycles \(\mathcal{Z}(T_1),\ldots,\mathcal{Z}(T_r)\) to the Fourier coefficients of the derivative at \(s=0\) of a certain incoherent Eisenstein series for the group \(U(n,n)\). The main result is proved by relating arithmetic cycles to their formal part (introduced in the part I of the work of Kudla-Rapoport [Invent. Math. 184, No. 3, 629--682 (2011; Zbl 1229.14020)]) by a \(p\)-adic uniformisation theorem and computing Fourier coefficients using the Siegel-Weil formula, which ultimately comes down to computing representation densities of Hermitian forms.