On the torsion of elliptic curves over cubic number fields (Q4811255)

A famous result of Mazur classifies the possible torsion subgroups of elliptic curves defined over \(\mathbb Q\). \textit{S. Kamienny} and \textit{B. Mazur} [Astérisque 228, 81--98 (1995; Zbl 0846.14012)] have solved the corresponding problem for elliptic curves defined over quadratic number fields. The cubic case is still open; in this article, the authors solve the easier problem of classifying all torsion groups that occur infinitely often if the base field is allowed to vary over all cubic fields. They find that these groups are exactly the following: \(\mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z\) for \(n = 1, 2\), \(\ldots\), \(16\), \(18\), \(20\), and \(\mathbb Z/2\mathbb Z \oplus \mathbb Z/n\mathbb Z\) for \(n = 1, 2\), \(\ldots\), \(7\). The main part of the proof consists in determining the trigonal curves among certain families of modular curves, namely \(X_0(N)\), \(X_1(N)\), and the modular curves belonging to the congruence subgroups \(\Gamma_1(2N) \cap \Gamma(2)\).