Deformation quantization of Leibniz algebras (Q481671)

The main goal of the paper is to approach the quantization of the dual space of a Leibniz algebra. This dual space is some kind of generalized Poisson manifold. The integration of Leibniz algebras is closely related with this question. The paper is divided in two sections. In the first one, authors deal with the so called ``\textit{coquecigrue}'' problem proposed by J.-L. Loday, namely, what generalization of the structure of Lie groups is the correct structure to integrate Leibniz algebras? The approach provided in the paper relies in the Lie rack structure and the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula (BCH-formula). The main result establishes for a finite-dimensional real Leibniz algebra \(\mathfrak{h}\) the existence of a Lie rack structure on the underlying vector space to \(\mathfrak{h}\) given by \[ \vartriangleright : (X,Y) \mapsto X \vartriangleright Y := \exp(\text{ad}_X)(Y) \] for all \(X, Y \in \mathfrak{h}\). This structure is analytic in the first, linear in the second variables and satisfies the following properties: 1. When \(\mathfrak{h}\) is a Lie algebra, the corresponding Lie rack structure is locally the conjugation rack structure with respect to the Lie groups structure. 2. The Lie rack structure is globally described by a BCH-type formula. In the second one, the integration procedure for Leibniz algebras is used to develop deformation quantization of Leibniz algebras. Let \(\mathfrak{h}\) be a finite-dimensional Leibniz algebra. Its linear dual \(\mathfrak{h}^{\ast}\) is a smooth manifold. The natural bracket \(\{-,-\}: {\mathcal C}^{\infty}(\mathfrak{h}^{\ast}) \times {\mathcal C}^{\infty}(\mathfrak{h}^{\ast}) \to {\mathcal C}^{\infty}(\mathfrak{h}^{\ast})\) is given by \(\{f,g\}(\xi) := - \langle \xi, [df(0), dg(\xi)] \rangle\), for all \(f, g \in {\mathcal C}^{\infty}(\mathfrak{h}^{\ast}), \xi \in \mathfrak{h}^{\ast}\). The main idea in the paper is to use the corresponding BCH-formula for the integration of a Leibniz algebra \(\mathfrak{h}\) in order to perform the corresponding deformation quantization. The used quantization technique relies on the quantization of symplectic micromorphism by Fourier integral operators. The authors show that it is possible to re-interpret the Gutt star-product in terms of a symplectic micromorphism quantization in the Lie algebras case. They also show that this quantization technique works for Leibniz algebras, provided one takes the cotangent lift of the local rack structure coming from the above integration structure for the symplectic micromorphism. This quantization is an operation \(\vartriangleright : {\mathcal C}^{\infty}(\mathfrak{h}^{\ast})[[e]] \times {\mathcal C}^{\infty}(\mathfrak{h}^{\ast})[[e]] \to {\mathcal C}^{\infty}(\mathfrak{h}^{\ast})[[e]]\) such that the restriction to ``unitaries'' \(U_{\mathfrak{h}}:= \{E_X \mid X \in \mathfrak{h} \}\) (\(E_X\) is the exponential function of \(\mathfrak{h}^{\ast}\) associated to \(X \in \mathfrak{h}\)) is a rack structure. The main result in this section is: Theorem. The operation \(\vartriangleright_{\hbar} : {\mathcal C}^{\infty}(\mathfrak{h}^{\ast})[[e]] \otimes {\mathcal C}^{\infty}(\mathfrak{h}^{\ast})[[e]] \to {\mathcal C}^{\infty}(\mathfrak{h}^{\ast})[[e]], f \vartriangleright_{\hbar} g = Q(T^{\ast} \vartriangleright)(f \otimes g)\), where \(Q(f \otimes g)(\xi) = \int_{\mathfrak{h} \times \mathfrak{h}} \widetilde{f}(X) \widetilde{g}(Y)e^{\frac{i}{\hbar} S_{\vartriangleright}(X,Y,\xi)} \frac{dX dY}{(2 \pi \hbar)^n}, n = \text{dim}(\mathfrak{h})\), is a quantum rack, i.e. 1. The restriction of \(\vartriangleright_{\hbar}\) to \(U_{\mathfrak{h}}\) is a rack structure, moreover \(e^{\frac{i}{\hbar} X} \vartriangleright_{\hbar} e^{\frac{i}{\hbar} Y} = e^{\frac{i}{\hbar} e^{ad_X(Y)}}\). 2. \(\vartriangleright_{\hbar} : U_{\mathfrak{h}} \times {\mathcal C}^{\infty}(\mathfrak{h}^{\ast}) \to {\mathcal C}^{\infty}(\mathfrak{h}^{\ast}), (e^{\frac{i}{\hbar} X} \vartriangleright_{\hbar} f)(\xi) = (Ad^{\ast}_{-X} f)(\xi)\), is a rack action. Moreover, \(\vartriangleright_{\hbar}\) coincides with the Gutt quantum rack \(f \vartriangleright g := f \ast_{Gutt} g \ast_{Gutt} \overline{f}\) on unitaries in Lie case.