Alternative invariants for the embedded resolution of purely inseparable surface singularities (Q482047)

The authors propose two alternative invariants for prove the resolution of singularities of a singular surface in \(\mathbb A^3\) defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic \(p >0\) by: \[ G(x,y,z)=x^p+F(y,z), \] where \(F\) is a polynomial of order greater than \(p\) at \(0\). The results were known since \textit{S. S. Abhyankar} [Ann. Math. (2) 63, 491--526 (1956; Zbl 0108.16803)] but the proof here uses the classical invariants from characteristic zero. But this invariants increase at kangaroo points, so they modify with a ``bonus'' such that they drop. The proof consists in monomialize \(F\) without power of \(p\) and apply a combinatorial game to decrease the order of \(G\). To monomialize \(F\) they study its image under three kinds of blowups: \((y,z)\mapsto (yz+tz,z)\): the translational move, \((yz)\mapsto (yz,z)\): the horizontal move and \((y,z)\mapsto (y,yz)\): the vertical move; and they look the effect on the Newton polygon and their invariants to define the ``bonus''.