No label defined (Q4825375)

Let \({\mathcal M}\) be a closed \(C^1\) \(n\)-manifold and \(\varphi: {\mathcal M}\to \mathbb{R}^1\) be a \(C^1\)-function. Then \(({\mathcal M},\varphi)\) is called size pair and \(\varphi\) a measuring function. For two size pairs \(({\mathcal M},\varphi)\) and \(({\mathcal N},\psi)\) one can introduce \[ \Theta(f)= \max_{P\in{\mathcal M}}|\varphi(P)- \psi(f(P))|, \] where \(f\in H({\mathcal M},{\mathcal N})\) -- the set of all homeomorphisms from \({\mathcal M}\) to \({\mathcal N}\). Then a pseudodistance is \[ \delta(({\mathcal M},\varphi), ({\mathcal N},\psi))= \begin{cases} \text{inf}\{\Theta(f): f\in H({\mathcal M},{\mathcal N})\neq\emptyset\},\\ \infty,\quad &\text{otherwise}.\end{cases} \] For every real number, two points \(P\), \(Q\in{\mathcal M}\) are \(\langle\varphi, y\rangle\)-homotopic iff either \(P= Q\) or a continuous path \(\gamma:[0,1]\to{\mathcal M}\) exists in \({\mathcal M}\) joining \(P\) and \(Q\) such that \(\varphi(\gamma(t))\leq y\) for every \(t\in [0,1]\). The function \(\ell_{({\mathcal M},\varphi)}(x, y): \mathbb{R}^2\to \mathbb{N}\cup\{+\infty\}\) is defined by setting \(\ell_{({\mathcal M},\varphi)}(x,y)\) equal to the number of equivalence classes into which \({\mathcal M}(\varphi\leq x)= \{P\in{\mathcal M}: \varphi(P)\leq x\}\) is divided by the equivalent relation of \(\langle\varphi, y\rangle\)-homotopy. The main results are 1) Let \(({\mathcal M},\varphi)\) and \(({\mathcal N},\varphi)\) be two size pairs. If \(\ell_{({\mathcal M},\varphi)}(x,y)> \ell_{({\mathcal N},\psi)}(\xi,\eta)\) then \(\delta(({\mathcal M},\varphi),({\mathcal N},\psi))\geq \min\{\xi- x,y-\eta\}\). 2) Assume \(A\neq\emptyset\) and \(s<+\infty\). The value \(s\) is equal either to the distance between a critical value of \(\varphi\) and a critical value of \(\psi\) or to half the distance between two critical values of \(\varphi\) where \[ A= \{((x,y), (\xi,\eta))\in \mathbb{R}^2\times \mathbb{R}^2: \xi\geq x,\, \eta\leq y,\,\ell_{({\mathcal M},\varphi)}(x,y)> \ell_{({\mathcal N},\psi)}(\xi, \eta)\} \] and \(s= \sup\{\min\{\xi- x,y-\eta\}: ((x,y), (\xi,\eta))\in A\}\).