Pair correlation of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function in longer ranges (Q4829495)

In this paper the series \[ F_{h}(x,T) = \sum_{0< \gamma,\, \gamma' \leq T}{4\over 4+(\gamma -\gamma' - h)^{2}}\cos((\gamma - \gamma' -h)\log x), \] is introduced, generalizing \textit{H. L. Montgomery}'s [in Analytic Number Theory, St. Louis Univ. Missouri 1972, Proc. Sympos. Pure Math. 24, 181--193 (1973; Zbl 0268.10023)] well-known pair correlation function which is the \(h=0\) case. Here \(\gamma\) and \(\gamma'\) run through the imaginary parts of the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function \(\zeta(s)\). The Riemann Hypothesis is assumed throughout the paper, and generalizations of some of Montgomery's results and conjectures are obtained. As in Montgomery's work, \(F_{h}(x,T)\) is evaluated, as \(T\to \infty\), for \(1\leq x \leq T/\log T\). For larger \(x\) up to \(T^{2-\varepsilon}\), the evaluation depends on the assumption of a quantitative version of the twin prime conjecture. Based on these evaluations, the author formulates conjectures for the value of \(F_{h}(x,T)\) for \(x\leq T^A\) (\(A\) being arbitrarily large but fixed) with \(h=o(\log^{1/3}T)\), and for the number of pairs of zeta zeros satisfying certain conditions. As an example of the latter, the range of Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture is extended as follows. For \(0<\alpha < \beta \ll \log T\), \[ \sum_{\substack{ 0< \gamma \neq \gamma' \leq T\\ \alpha \leq {(\gamma - \gamma')\log T\over 2\pi} \leq \beta }} 1 \sim \frac {T\log T} {2\pi} \int_{\alpha}^{\beta} \Biggl[ 1-{({\sin \pi u\over \pi u})^{2}\over 1+({\pi u\over \log T})^{2}}\Biggr] \, du . \]