On radicals of polynomial rings. (Q485036)

Let \(A[X_n]\) be the ring of \(n\geq 0\) commutative independent variables over an associative ring \(A\), where \(A[X_0]=A\) and \(A[X_1]=A[x]\). Let \(R\) be a radical in the sense of Kurosh and Amitsur. If \(R(A)=A\), then we write \(A\in R\). The semisimple class of the radical class \(R\) will be denoted by \(SR\). The aim in the present paper is to investigate connections in the behaviour of a ring \(A\) and the polynomial rings \(A[X_n]\) with respect to a given radical \(R\). A ring \(A\) is said to be \(RI\) if \(R(A)\) contains all subrings \(B\subseteq A\) such that \(B\in R\). The radical \(R\) is said to be strict if every ring \(A\) is \(RI\). The ring \(A\) is said to be polynomial \(RI\) if \(A[X_n]\) is \(RI\) for every \(n\geq 0\). A class \(M\) of rings is said to be polynomially extensible if \(A[x]\in M\) for all rings \(A\in M\). We say that \(R\) has the Amitsur property if \(R(A[x])=(A\cap R(A[x]))[x]\). A ring \(A\) is said to be an absolute \(R\)-ring if \(A[X_n]\in R\) for all \(n\geq 0\). Then the class \(\overline R\) of all absolute \(R\)-rings is a radical class. For strict radicals \(R\) the main result asserts that the following conditions are equivalent: (i) \(R\) has the Amitsur property; (ii) \(R(A[x])=R(A)[x]\) for every ring \(A\); (iii) \(SR\) is polynomially extensible class. If \(R\) is a radical with the Amitsur property, then in the second main result the authors find some equivalent conditions under which the ring \(A\) is polynomial \(RI\). Let \(T\) be another radical and \(T\subseteq R\). If \(\overline T=\overline R\) and \(A\) is a polynomial \(RI\) ring, then it is proved that \(A\) is also polynomial \(TI\). Using these results, the authors find different equivalent conditions under which \(A\) is polynomial \(RI\), where \(R\) is the nil radical. This result generalizes a result of \textit{J. Han, Y. Lee} and \textit{S. P. Yang} [in Contemporary ring theory 2011, Hackensack: World Scientific, 1-9 (2012; Zbl 1300.16017)]. Analogous result is proved if \(R\) is the radical of Jacobson.