Logarithmic mean oscillation on the polydisc, multi-parameter paraproducts and iterated commutators (Q485246)

Let \(\mathcal D\) be the set of all dyadic intervals of the unit circle \({\mathbb T}\) and \({\mathcal R}={\mathcal D}^N\) the set of all dyadic rectangles \(R=R_1\times\cdots\times R_N\), where \(R_j\in\mathcal D\), \(j=1,\cdots, N\). The Haar wavelet adapted to the dyadic interval \(I\) is given by \[ h_I=|I|^{-1/2}(\chi_{I^+}-\chi_{I^-}), \] where \(I^+\) and \(I^-\) are the right and left halves of \(I\), respectively. The product Haar wavelet \(h_R\) adapted to the rectangle \(R=R_1\times\cdots \times R_N\in \mathcal R\) is defined by \(h_R(t_1, \cdots, t_N)=h_{R_1}(t_1)\cdots h_{R_N}(t_N)\). For \(\vec j=(j_1,\cdots,j_N)\in {\mathbb N}_0^N={\mathbb N}_0\times\cdots\times {\mathbb N}_0\), define the \(j_1\)-th generation of dyadic intervals and the \(\vec j\)-th generation of dyadic rectangles as follows: \[ \mathcal D_{j_1}=\{I\in\mathcal D: |I|=2^{-j_1}\}, \] \[ \mathcal R_{\vec j}=\mathcal D_{j_1}\times \cdots\times \mathcal D_{j_N}=\{I_1\times\cdots \times I_N\in \mathcal R:|I_k|=2^{-j_k}\}. \] The product Haar martingale differences \(\Delta_{\vec j}f\) and the expectations \(E_{\vec j}f\) are given by \[ \Delta_{\vec j}f=\sum_{R\in \mathcal R_{\vec j}}\langle f, h_R\rangle h_R, \] and \[ E_{\vec j}f=\sum_{\vec k\in {\mathbb N}_0^N,\,\vec k<\vec j}\Delta_{\vec k}f, \] where \(f\in L^2(\mathbb T^N)\) and \(\vec k<\vec j\) means \(k_l<j_l\) for \(l=1,\cdots, N\). For \(\phi\in L^2(T^N)\), the main paraproduct \(\Pi_\phi\) is defined by \[ \Pi_\phi f=\Pi(\phi, f)=\sum_{\vec j\in {\mathbb N}_0\times\cdots\times {\mathbb N}_0}\left(\Delta_{\vec j}\phi\right)\left(E_{\vec j}f\right) \] on functions with finite Haar expansion. Moreover, a function \(\phi\in L^2(\mathbb T^N)\) is said to be in \(\text{LMO}^d(\mathbb T^N)\) if there exists \(C>0\) with \[ \|Q_{\vec j}\phi\|_{\text{BMO}^d(\mathbb T^N)}\leq C\frac1{(\sum_{k=1}^Nj_k)+N} \] for all \(\vec j=(j_1,\cdots,j_N)\in {\mathbb N^N_0}\), where \(\vec k\leq \vec j\) means \(k_l\leq j_l\) for \(l=1,\cdots, N\), and for \(f\in L^2(\mathbb T^N)\), \[ Q_{\vec j}f=\sum_{\vec k\geq\vec j}\Delta_{\vec k}f. \] The infimum of such constants \(C\) is denoted by \(\|\phi\|_{\text{LMO}^d(\mathbb T^N)}\). The author shows that a function \(\phi\in L^2({\mathbb T}^N)\) belongs to \(\text{LMO}^d(\mathbb T^N)\) if and only if \(\Pi_\phi: \text{bmo}^d(\mathbb T^N)\to \text{BMO}^d(\mathbb T^N)\). Moreover, \[ \|\Pi_\phi\|_{\text{bmo}^d(\mathbb T^N)\to \text{BMO}^d(\mathbb T^N)}\approx\|\phi\|_{\text{LMO}^d(\mathbb T^N)}, \] where the space \(\text{bmo}^d(\mathbb T^N)\) was introduced by \textit{M. Cotlar} and \textit{C. Sadosky} [Integral Equations Oper. Theory 26, No. 3, 273--304 (1996; Zbl 0866.47015)], and \(\text{BMO}^d(\mathbb T^N)\) by \textit{S.-Y. A. Chang} and \textit{R. Fefferman} [Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 12, 1--43 (1985; Zbl 0557.42007)]. The author also obtains a sufficient condition for the boundedness of the iterated commutators from the subspace of \(\text{bmo}(\mathbb R^N)\) consisting of functions with support in \([0, 1]^N\) to \(\text{BMO}(\mathbb R^N).\)