The Hardy-Rellich inequality and uncertainty principle on the sphere (Q485333)

Let \(\Delta_0\) be the Laplace-Beltrami operator on the unit sphere \(\mathbb S^{d-1}\) of \(\mathbb R^d\). For \(d>2\) and \(\alpha>0\), define the Sobolev space \(W^\alpha_2\) on \(\mathbb S^{d-1}\) by \(W^\alpha_2(\mathbb S^{d-1})=\{f\in L^2(\mathbb S^{d-1}): (-\Delta_0)^{\alpha/2}f\in L^2(\mathbb S^{d-1})\}\). The following two theorems concern Hardy-Rellich-type inequalities. { Theorem 3.3.} If \(d\geq 4\), \(f\in W^1_2(\mathbb S^{d-1})\) and \(\int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}}f(x)\,d\sigma(x)=0\), then \[ \int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}}|f(x)|^2\,d\sigma(x)\leq C_d\min_{e\in\mathbb S^{d-1}}\int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}} (1-\left\langle x,e\right\rangle)|(-\Delta_0)^{1/2}f(x)|^2\,d\sigma(x). \eqno (1) \] If \(f\in L^2(\mathbb S^{d-1})\) and \(f\) is orthogonal to polynomials of degree less than \(k\), then we write \(f\in L^2_k(\mathbb S^{d-1})\). { Theorem 3.8}. {\parindent=8mm\begin{itemize}\item[(i)] For \(d\geq 4\), there exists a positive integer \(n(d)\leq 3(d-2)^3/16\) such that, for all \(f\in L^2_{n(d)}(\mathbb S^{d-1})\cap W^1_2(\mathbb S^{d-1})\), the inequality (1) holds with optimal constant \(C_d=8/(d-3)^2\); \item[(ii)] \(n(2)=n(4)=n(5)=0\), \(n(6)=4\); \item[(iii)] For \(d=3\), the inequality (1) does not hold for any \(C_d\). \end{itemize}} Similar results for weighted inequalities on \([-1,1]\) are also studied. The following uncertainty principle is an application of previous theorems. {Theorem 4.1.} Let \(f\in W^1_2(\mathbb S^{d-1})\), \(\|f\|_{L^2}=1\) and \(\int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}}f(x)\,d\sigma(x)=0\). If \(d\geq 2\), then \[ \min_{e\in\mathbb S^{d-1}}\left[\omega_d^{-1}\int_{\mathbb S^{d-1}}(1-\left\langle x,e\right\rangle)|f(x)|^2\,d\sigma(x)\right]\|\nabla_0f\|^2_{L^2}\geq B_d \] and \(B_d=(d-1)(1-2/(d+3)^{1/2})\), \(d\geq 3\).