Noncommutative connections on bimodules and Drinfeld twist deformation (Q485859)

If an algebra \(A\) has a group representation in the meaning of a Hopf algebra \(H\), there are effective methods for studying the deformation theory of \(A\). In this case, one studies the deformation of the group in a quantum group, that is, the Hopf algebra \(H\) in a deformed Hopf algebra, and then studies the group action, i.e., the Hopf algebra, to induce a deformation of the algebra \(A\). A noncommutative manifold is defined by noncommutative deformations of the algebra of functions on a manifold, and are constructed by these methods, and so quantum groups and Hopf algebras are essential for these object. In this article, deformations by Drinfeld twists are studied extensively. Here, a twist element \(\mathcal F\in H\otimes H\) of the Hopf algebra \(H\) induces a new Hopf algebra \(H^{\mathcal F}\) and a deformed algebra \(A_\ast\). When \(A\) is commutative and \(H\) is co-commutative, the commutation relations in the twist deformed algebra \(A_\ast\) are determined by the triangular matrix \(\mathcal R=\mathcal F^{-1}_{21}\mathcal F\) (where the index on \(F^{-1}_{21}\) is a factor in the coproduct), and the \(A_\ast\) is typically noncommutative. In such cases, the authors call it a quantization of \(A\). The authors consider in particular noncommutative differential geometry of noncommutative manifolds, where the differential calculus on quantum groups serves as a guiding example. If \(A\) is the noncommutative analogue of the algebra of function on a manifold \(M\), then the modules over \(A\) are the noncommutative analogues of vector bundles over \(M\). An analogue of the fibre-wise tensor product of vector bundles is given, leading to \(A\)-bimodules with the one-forms as a guiding example. When the algebra \(A\) carries a representation of a Hopf algebra \(H\), \({}^H_A\mathcal M\)-modules are defined as left \(H\)-modules, left \(A\)-modules, in a compatible way. These are the noncommutative analogues of vector bundles with a lift of the \(H\)-action from functions on the base manifold to sections. This means in particular that \({}^H_A\mathcal M\)-modules forms a tensor algebra over \(A\). Noncommutative differential geometry leads to the study of the maps between modules and bimodules. In particular, \(A\)-linear maps are relevant as in the commutative case; the curvature of a connection is an \(A\)-linear map, so is the difference between two connections. This gives an affine space structure on the set of connections. If the modules also carries a \(H\)-action, also \(H\)-equivariant maps are considered. A main theme of the present article is to consider the general structure of non \(H\)-equivariant homomorphisms, connections and curvatures. In general, if the connection is a dynamical field, it is not equivariant under the \(H\)-action, but it is \(H\)-covariant; they deform under the \(H\)-adjoint action. This is the canonical lift to linear and \(A\)-linear maps of the \(H\)-action on the \({}^H_A\mathcal M_A\)-modules. Linear and \(A\)-linear maps between \({}^H_A\mathcal M_A\)-modules form an \(H\)-module, and their deformation can be studied via deformation of the Hopf algebra \(H\). The deformations studied in this article are the Drinfeld twist deformation theory of modules and algebras in the noncommutative differential geometric context. This implies a theory of connections and their twist deformations. There is a well-established notion of connection on right (left) \(A\)-modules, but this notion is not consistent for \(A\)-bimodules: Two \(A\)-bimodules can be tensored to an \(A\)-bimodule, but there is no corresponding operation on connections such that a tensored connection can be obtained. To solve this, one can restrict to a subclass of connections with extra properties, but the authors prefer restricting to a subclass of \(A\)-bimodules with extra properties, so that the usual connections induce connections on tensor product of modules. The authors claim extra conditions: I) They study the deformation of connections on right \(A\)-modules and the dual theory of left \(A\)-modules. Connections form an affine space, and deformation is an affine space isomorphism. This deformations do not preserve flatness. II) The study of \(H\)-covariant homomorphisms on the tensor products of \({}^H_A\mathcal M_A\)-modules makes the need for a quasitriangular Hopf-algebra \(H\). Firstly, a study of a tensor product of linear maps compatible with the \(H\)-action is given, then it is shown that there is a canonical way to twist deform this product. III) In the case where \(A\) and the \(A\)-bimodules are quasi-commutative, the tensor product of linear maps induces a tensor product over \(A\) of right \(A\)-linear maps, and a theory of connections on tensor product modules is developed in line with already known results. The results in this article are lead by an example of deformation quantization of commutative manifolds. Here \(A=C^\infty(M)[[h]]\), and the Hopf algebra is the one associated to the Lie algebra of derivations, \(H=U\Xi[[h]]\), where \(U\Xi\) is the universal enveloping algebra of of vector fields on \(M\). Deforming arbitrary connections on the tensor algebra of vector bundles over commutative manifolds leads to the general study of connections on quasi-commutative bimodules in this text. This article also covers categorical aspects of Drinfeld twist deformations appearing in the study of homomorphisms and connections, and a series of the main results is stated in the categorical language. Guided by the structures in noncommutative differential geometry, the authors study the category \(({}^H_A\mathcal M,{}_A\text{Hom},\circ)\) where the objects are \({}^H_A\mathcal M\)-modules, and the morphisms just left \(A\)-linear maps. Then the twist deform the Hopf algebra \(H\), the algebra \(A\) and the modules, and in addition the morphisms. This twist deformation gives an equivalence between \(({}^{H^{\mathcal F}}_{A_\ast}\mathcal M,{}_{A_\ast}\text{Hom},\circ)\) and the category \(({}^H_A\mathcal M,{}_A\text{Hom},\circ_\ast)\) obtained from \(({}^H_A\mathcal M,{}_A\text{Hom},\circ)\) by deforming just the composition law of morphisms. Known results are obtained when restricting to restricted categories. The authors also generalize to categories of representations of Hopf algebras. This long article studies associative algebras via their quantum groups, Hopf algebras, and their representations, and again their connections modelled differential geometric. The article is self contained, and all concepts are thoroughly defined. Then the properties of their Drinfeld twist deformations are given: Tensor products, morphisms, etc. A very nice article which gives an introductory survey into quantization deformation.