Explicit points on the Legendre curve. III (Q486444)

This paper is a continuation of previous work by the author [Part I, J. Number Theory 136, 165--194 (2014; Zbl 1297.11055); Part II, Math. Res. Lett. 21, No. 2, 261--280 (2014; Zbl 1312.14065)], the second one coauthored with \textit{R.P. Conceição} and \textit{C. Hall}. Let \(p\) be an odd prime number. Consider the Legendre elliptic curve over \(K=\mathbb F_p(t)\) defined by the equation \[ E: y^2=x(x+1)(x+t). \] The author studies Legendre curves over Galois extensions \(K_d=\mathbb F_p(\mu_d,u)\) of \(K\), where \(d\) is a natural number of the form \(d=p^f +1\), \(\mu_d\) is the group of \(d\)-th roots of unity and \(u\) is a \(d\)-th root of \(t\). In the first paper above, it is shown that the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture holds for such a curve \(E\) over \(K_d\). Moreover, it is proven that the Tate-Shafarevich group \(\text Ш(E/K_d)\) is a finite group whose order is \([E(K_d):V_d]^2\), where \(V_d\) is the subgroup of \(E(K_d)\) generated by the points \(P=(u,u(u+1)^{d/2})\) and its conjugates by the Galois group \(G=\text{Gal}(K_d/K)\). In the present paper, it is shown that the groups \(\text Ш(E/K_d)\) and \(E(K_d)/V_d\) are finite abelian \(p\)-groups with exponents \(p^{\lfloor f/3\rfloor}\) and \(p^{\lfloor(f-1)/2\rfloor}\), respectively. The author also proves that there exists a polynomial \(F_f(T)\in\mathbb Z[1/2][T]\) depending on \(f\) but independent of \(p\) such that for all \(p>2\), \[ |\text Ш(E/K_d)|=p^{F_f(p)}. \] Furthermore, the author studies the Jordan-Hölder factors of both groups as \(\mathbb Z_p[G]\)-modules, proving the factors of \(\text Ш(E/K_d)\) are the same as those of \(E(K_d)/V_d\) with multiplicities doubled. This result can be seen as an analogue of the Gras conjecture established in [\textit{G. Gras}, Ann. Inst. Fourier 27, No. 1, 1--66 (1977; Zbl 0336.12004)], which was proved by \textit{B. Mazur} and \textit{A. Wiles} in [Invent. Math. 76, 179--330 (1984; Zbl 0545.12005)] and later by \textit{V. A. Kolyvagin} in [Prog. Math. 87, 435--483 (1990; Zbl 0742.14017)].