Closed universal subspaces of spaces of~infinitely differentiable functions (Q486752)

Let \(X\) be a Fréchet space and let \((x_n)_n\) be a fixed sequence of elements in \(X\). A sequence \(a=(a_n)\) of scalars defines a universal series (with respect to \((x_n)_n\)) if the sequence \((\sum_{j=1}^n a_j x_j)_n\) is dense in \(X\). Restricted universal series with respect to a fixed Fréchet sequence space \(A\) are defined in a natural way. The theory of universal series is a part of universality, which is a very active branch of analysis. \textit{F. Bayart} et al. [Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 96, No. 2, 417--463 (2008; Zbl 1147.30003)] established a nice abstract theory of universal series, and they gave a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of universal elements in terms of polynomial approximation. In the paper under review, the authors exhibit the first examples of Fréchet spaces which contain a closed infinite dimensional subspace of universal series, but no restricted universal series. They consider classical Fréchet spaces of infinitely differentiable functions which do not admit a continuous norm. This leads them to establish some more general results for sequences of operators acting on Fréchet spaces with or without a continuous norm. A characterization of the existence of a closed subspace of universal series in the Fréchet space \(\omega\) of all sequences is also presented.