On the substructures \(\Delta\) and \(\nabla\) (Q491344)

Let \(R\) be an associative ring with identity, and \(M\), \(N\) unitary right \(R\)-modules. \([M,N]\) denotes the \((\mathrm{End}_R(N),\mathrm{End}_R(M))\)-bimodule \(\mathrm{Hom } R(M,N)\). The authors of the paper under review discuss the singular sub-bimodules \(\Delta(M,N)\) and cosingular bi-submodule \(\nabla(M,N)\) of \(\mathrm{Hom }R(M,N)\) which are defined as follows: \[ \Delta(M;N)=\{f\in\mathrm{Hom }R(M,N)|\mathrm{Ker }f\leq^eM\}. \] \[ \nabla(M;N)=\{f\in\mathrm{Hom }R(M,N)|\mathrm{Im }f\ll N\}. \] In particular, they discuss the question of when the substructures, the singular sub-bimodule \(\Delta(M;N)\) and the cosingular bi-submodule \(\nabla(M;N)\) of \([M,N]\), are equal to zero. Some well-known results of regular rings are obtained.