On the geometry of Müntz spaces (Q492593)

Let \(1 \leq p \leq \infty\) and let \(\Lambda = \{\lambda_k: k = 1, 2, \ldots\}\) be a strictly increasing sequence of positive real numbers such that \[ \sum_{k=1}^\infty \frac{1}{\lambda_k} < \infty \text{ and } \inf_k (\lambda_{k+1} - \lambda_k) > 0.\tag{1} \] \noindent A Müntz space is a space of the form \(M_p(\Lambda) = \overline{\text{span}}\{t^{\lambda_k}: k = 1, 2, 3, \ldots\} \subset L_p[0,1]\), where \(t^{\lambda_k}\) denotes the function \(f:[0,1] \to \mathbb R\) defined by \(f(t) = t^{\lambda_k}\). Note that for \(1 \leq p < \infty\) every Müntz space \(M_p(\Lambda)\) is isomorphic to \(\ell_p\), and that for \(p=\infty\) the Müntz space \(M_p(\Lambda)\) is isomorphic to \(c_0\) if \(\Lambda\) satisfies the lacunary condition \(\inf_k(\lambda_{k+1}/\lambda_k) > 1\) [\textit{V. I. Gurarij} and \textit{V. Matsaev}, Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 30, 3--14 (1966; Zbl 0171.33403)]. Note also that there exist Müntz spaces \(M_\infty(\Lambda)\) which are not isomorphic to \(c_0\) [\textit{D. J. Newman}, J. Approximation Theory 40, 351--354 (1984; Zbl 0568.41005)]. In the paper under review, the authors prove that for a given \(p\), \(1 \leq p \leq \infty\), there exists a space \(\mathcal F_p\) such that every Müntz space \(M_p(\Lambda)\) is isomorphic to a complemented subspace of \(\mathcal F_p\). Moreover, they prove that there exists a set \(\widehat{\Lambda}\) of positive integers satisfying (1) such that \(\mathcal F_p\) is isomorphic to the Müntz space \(M_p(\widehat{\Lambda})\), and that \(\mathcal F_p\) is uniquely determined up to isomorphism in the sense that if a Müntz space \(M_p(\Lambda)\) contains all Müntz spaces \(M_p(\widetilde{\Lambda})\) as complemented copies, then \(M_p(\Lambda)\) is isomorphic to \(\mathcal F_p\). From this, and from the facts that there exists a Müntz space \(M_\infty(\Lambda)\) not isomorphic to \(c_0\) and that every complemented subspace of \(c_0\) is isomorphic to \(c_0\), the authors can infer that \(\mathcal F_\infty\) is not isomorphic to \(c_0\). In the last part of the paper it is proved that for \(1 \leq p < \infty\) (resp. for \(p=\infty\)) the \(\ell_p\)-sum (resp. the \(c_0\)-sum) of Banach spaces spanned by finitely many monimials over \([0,1]\) is always isomorphic to a Müntz space \(M_p(\Lambda)\).