Free integro-differential algebras and Gröbner-Shirshov bases. (Q493010)

This paper introduces a new class of \(\lambda\)-integro-differential algebras over the field \(k\), \(\lambda\in k\), and sets a linear basis of the free algebras of this class. To do this, the authors use the method of Gröbner-Shirshov bases and prove Composition-Diamond lemma for \(\lambda\)-differential Rota-Baxter algebras. The later is a variety of associative \(\Omega\)-algebras with linear operations \(d\), \(P\) and identities \(d(1)=0\), \(d(xy)=d(x)y+xd(y)+\lambda d(x)d(y)\), \(P(x)P(y)=P(xP(y))+P(P(x)y)+\lambda P(xy)\), \(dP(x)=x\). For \(\lambda\)-integro-differential algebras one needs to join integration by parts identities \(P(d(x)P(y))=xP(y)-P(xy)-\lambda Pd(x)y\), \(P(P(x)d(y))=P(x)y-P(xy)-\lambda P(x)d(y)\). The authors essentially prove the Composition-Diamond for free \(\lambda\)-differential Rota-Baxter algebras, that is, to determine the order of the basic words and then determine the compositions of polynomials (inclusion, intersection and multiplication). This makes it possible to define the concept of a Gröbner-Shirshov basis (subset) of the free algebra and prove the equivalence of three basic definitions (properties) of the bases (through compositions, through the leading words of polynomials of the ideal they generate, and through a standard linear basis in the quotient algebra). Then they essentially argue that the integration by parts relations form a Gröbner-Shirshov basis, that is all compositions are trivial. In fact, the situation is more complicated, and they have limited truncated algebras in the natural filtration by \(P\). In any case, as a result they find a standard linear basis of a free \(\lambda\)-integro-differential algebra over an arbitrary (infinite) set of generators.