No label defined (Q4933690)

Let \(T\) denote a function that maps each triple \((u,v,w)\) of real numbers to a number \[ T(u,v,w): =(u+v+w) (-u+v+w) (u-v+w) (u+v-w). \] Let \(a,b,\) and \(c\) be the sides of a triangle ABC (in the Euclidean plane). Denote by \([f(a,b,c)]\) a point \(X\) having the trilinear (barycentric) coordinates \(f(a,b,c): f(b,c,a): f(c,a,b)\) with respect to triangle ABC. In this note, two theorems are proved. Theorem 1: From 101 central points \(X_i\) \((i=1, \dots, 101)\) of the triangle ABC from Kimberlings's list (1994), only 13 values of the index \(i\) have the property that the segments \(u:=\overline{AX}_i\), \(v:= \overline{BX}_i\), and \(w:=\overline{CX}_i\) are sides of a triangle regardless of the shape of triangle ABC \((\Leftrightarrow T(u,v,w)>0\) -- among them the centroid \(X_2[1/a]\), the circumcenter \(X_3[\cos A]\), the Nagel point \(X_8[(b+c-a)/a]\), the ``Mittenpunkt'' \(X_9[b+c-a]\), the Spieker center \(X_{10}[(b+c)/a]\), and the isogonal conjugate of the crucial point \(X_{63}[b^2+ c^2-a^2]\); for the central point \(X_{101}\) the only exception are isosceles triangles. Theorem 2: For any triangle ABC the convex hull of the 10 central points \(X_i\), \(i\in \{2, 3, 8, 9, 20, 21, 63, 71, 72, 75\}\) consists only of points \(P\) with the property that the segments \(\overline{AP}\), \(\overline{BP}\), and \(\overline{CP}\) are sides of a triangle.