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The lecture notes give a survey of some recent mathematical developments in the field of hyperbolic relaxation problems. Relaxation phenomena arise whenever a ``stable'' equilibrium state for a given physical system is perturbed. This kind of problems arises in many physical situations, for example: gases not in thermodynamic equilibrium and extended thermodynamics, viscoelasticity with vanishing memory, river flows, traffic flows, chromotography, etc. Typical form of the systems is a symmetrizable hyperbolic system of partial differential equations \( U_t+\sum _{j=1}^d A_j(U)U_{x_j}={1\over \varepsilon } Q(U),\) where \(U(t,x_1,\dots x_d)\) is an unknown vector-function, \(A_j(U),Q(U)\) are smooth functions of \(U\), and \( \varepsilon \) is a small parameter. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0927.00028].