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The monograph is devoted to the investigation of fold completeness, Abel basis properties of rootvectors of polynomial (abstract, ordinary and partial differential) operator pencils as well as to well-posedness of Cauchy problems for differential-operator equations and to properties of their elementary solutions. Chapter 1 contains notations and definitions and auxiliary results on vector-valued functions in Banach spaces, semigroups of linear bounded operators, fractional powers of operators in Banach space, Gevrey spaces, interpolation of spaces. The theory of \textit{M. V. Keldysh} [Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, New Ser. 77, 11-14 (1951; Zbl 0045.39402), Usp. Mat. Nauk 26, No. 4(160), 15-41 (1971; Zbl 0225.47008)] of \(n\)-fold completeness of a system of root vectors of a polynomial operator pencils which was generalized in many publications [see \textit{S. Yakubov}, Completeness of root functions of regular differential operators, Longman, Scientific \& Technical, New York (1994; Zbl 0833.34081) and references therein] cannot be applied to irregular boundary value problems for differential equations because the corresponding polynomial operator pencils are not coercive. Therefore, in Chapter 2 a class of coercive with a defect operator pencils is considered. Denote \[ L(\lambda)=\lambda^nI+\lambda^{n-1}A_1+\dots+A_n, \tag{1} \] where \(A_k\) are generally speaking unbounded operators in a Banach space \(E\) such that \[ \sum_{k=0}^n |\lambda|^{n-k-d}\|L^{-1}(\lambda)\|_{B(E,E_k)} \leq C \tag{2} \] for some \(d\geq 0\) in some angles of the complex plane. Here \(C\) is a constant, \(E_k\) are Banach spaces continuously embedded into \(E\), such that \(A_k\) from \(E_k\) into \(E\) is bounded. If (2) is true with \(d=0\), then the pencil is said to be coercive, otherwise \(d>0\) is the order of coerciveness. The authors present results on \(n\)-fold completeness of a system of root vectors of an operator pencil which is coercive with defect. Another important problem considered is \(n\)-fold completeness and Abel basis property of a system of root vectors of a system of unbounded operator pencils. The \textit{Abel basis property} which is intermediate between the completeness of a system of root vectors and the basis with parentheses property was introduced in [\textit{V. B. Lidskiĭ}, Tr. Moskov. Mat. Obshch. 11, 3-35 (1962; Zbl 0117.33103)]. In Chapter 3 principally boundary value problems are considered, i.e. problems with the main ordinary differential operator perturbed by linear operators (not necessarily differential), i.e. problems generated by the equation \[ \lambda^nu(x)+\sum_{k=1}^n\left(a_k(x)u^{(dk)}(x)+ B_ku|_x\right)=f(x), \tag{3} \] with boundary-functional conditions \[ \sum_{k=0}^{n_\nu}\lambda^k\left(\alpha_{\nu k}u^{(m_{\nu} -dk)}(0)+\beta_{\nu k}u^{(m_{\nu}-dk)}(1)+\sum_{i=1}^{N_{\nu k}} \delta_{\nu ki}u^{(m_{\mu}-dk)}(x_{\nu ki})+T_{\nu k}u\right)=f_{\nu},\;\;\nu=\overline{1,m}, \tag{4} \] where \(n\), \(m\), \(n_{\nu}\), \(m_{\nu}\) are integer numbers, \(n\geq 1\), \(m\geq 1\), \(m_{\nu}\geq dn_{\nu}\), \(d:={m\over n}\) is the weight of the problem; \(\alpha_{\nu k}\), \(\beta_{\nu k}\), \(\delta_{\nu ki}\), \(f_{\nu}\) are complex numbers; \(x_{\nu ki}\in (0,1)\); \(a_k(x)\) are scalar functions defined on \([0,1]\); \(a_k(x)=\alpha_{\nu k}=\beta_{\nu k}= \delta_{\nu ki}=0\) if \(dk\) is not an integer; \(B_k\) are operators in the (weighted) space \(L_{q,\gamma}(0,1)\) and \(T_{\nu k}\) are functionals in \(L_{q,\gamma}(0,1)\), \(q\in (1,\infty)\), \(-q^{-1}<\gamma<\min\{q^{-1}, 1-q^{-1}\}\). Here, both the operators \(B_k\) and the functionals \(T_{\nu k}\) are, generally speaking, unbounded and the weighted spaces are defined as follows \[ L_{q,\beta}(0,1):=\left\{u \mid y^{\beta}u(y)\in L_q(0,1) \text{ with the norm }\|u \|_{L_{q,\beta}(0,1)}:= \left( \int_0^1 y^{q\beta}|u(y)|^q dy\right)^{{1\over q}}\right\}. \] The use of \(L_{q,\beta}(0,1)\) and correspondingly defined weighted Sobolev spaces enables one to apply the results of this Chapter to problems which could not been treated by means of the theory presented in \textit{S. Yakubov} [loc. cit.], where \(L_q(0,1)\) and usual Sobolev spaces were used. The authors investigate coerciveness and coerciveness with a defect of principally boundary value problems under \(p\)-regular condition and without this assumption as well as fold completeness and (in some cases) Abel basis property of the corresponding systems of rootfunctions. In Chapter 4 the authors consider the same questions for principally regular elliptic boundary value problems (the differential operators are partial in (3) and (4)). Chapter 5, is devoted to elliptic differential-operator equations: \[ u^{(n)}(x)+A_1u^{(n-1)}(x)+\dots +A_nu(x)=f(x) \] where \(u^{(n)}\) is a generalized derivative of the function \(u(x)\) with values in \(H\). In particular, the authors show that coerciveness estimates on the corresponding characteristic operator pencil (1) with some other conditions guarantee that the correspondingly defined operator \({\widehat L}: u\to {\widehat L}u:= u^{(n)}(x)+A_1u^{(n-1)}(x)+\dots+A_nu(x)\) is an isomorphism. Fredholmness of considered problems is discussed in connection with their coerciveness on the space variable. An estimate for the corresponding semigroup of operators is obtained. In Chapter 6, existence of (and estimates for) solutions to the Cauchy problem for hyperbolic differential-operator equations of the first, second and higher order are considered in classes of strong solutions and in Gevrey spaces. In Chapter 7, the well-posedness of the Cauchy problem and completeness of elementary solutions for parabolic differential-operator equations are proved. Chapter 8 is devoted to applications of the abstract results of Chapters 5, 6 and 7 to partial differential equations.