No label defined (Q4936451)

The author studies a plane flow of a thin layer of an ideal incompressible liquid over a horizontal bottom under gravity. The turbulent mixing caused by wave breaking is described by the equations of the two-layered shallow water theory. Aeration of a liquid is ignored, and the density \(\rho\) of the liquid is constant. The lower layer, in which the flow is potential, is characterized by two parameters: the mean depth \(h\) and the nonzero horizontal mean velocity \(u\). The turbulent upper layer is specified by its depth \(\eta\), velocity \(v\), and the root-mean-square \(q\) of the turbulent flow. Under the assumption of hydrostatic pressure distribution in the layers, the system of equations can be written as follows: \[ \begin{gathered} h_t+uh_x+hu_x=-\sigma q,\quad\eta_t +v\eta_x +\eta v_x =\sigma q, \quad u_t+uu_x +gh_x +g\eta_x=0, \\ v_t +vv_x +gh_x +g\eta_x =\frac{\sigma q}{\eta}(u-v),\quad q_t +vq_x =\frac{\sigma}{2\eta}\big((u-v)^2 -(1+\delta)q^2\big), \end{gathered} \] where \( \delta=\beta/\sigma\). The constant \(\beta\) specifies the rate of dissipation of the turbulent kinetic energy. The system of equations contains the only essential dimensionless parameter \(\delta >0\) which should be chosen empirically. As is shown by the author, this system of equations is hyperbolic and describes the formation of soliton-like waves propagating in the liquid, as well as the structure of a wave bore and its transition to a turbulent bore as its amplitude increases.