No label defined (Q4939437)

A bounded linear operator \(A\) on a complex Hilbert space \(H\) is of class \({\mathcal C}_\rho\) with \(\rho>0\) if there exists a unitary operator \(U\) on some Hilbert space \(K\) such that \(K\) contains \(H\) as a subspace and such that \(A^n=\rho P_HU^n|H\) for \(n=1,2,\ldots\;\), where \(P_H\) is the orthogonal projection of \(K\) onto \(H\) [\textit{B. Sz.-Nagy} and \textit{C. Foiaş}, Acta Sci. Math. 27, 17-25 (1966; Zbl 0141.32201)]. \textit{J. A. R. Holbrook} [ibid. 29, 299-310 (1968; Zbl 0169.16801)] and independently \textit{J. P. Williams} [Pac. J. Math. 24, 181-188 (1968; Zbl 0161.34803)] introduced the operator radii \(w_\rho(A)\) of an operator \(A\) relative to \({\mathcal C}_\rho\) by the formula \(w_\rho=\inf\{\gamma:\gamma>0, \gamma^{-1}A\in{\mathcal C}_\rho\}\). For a positive bounded operator \(S\) on \(H\) define \(v_S(A)=\sup\{|(Ay,y)|:y\in H, (Sy,y)=1\}\). Suppose \(0<\rho\leq 2\), \(\rho\neq 1\). The authors showed that an operator \(A\) is of class \({\mathcal C}_\rho\) if and only if the operator \[ S={\rho\over 2|\rho-1|}I+{\rho-2\over 2|\rho-1|}|A|^2 \] is nonnegative and \(v_S(A)\leq 1\). The main result of the paper is the following: {Theorem} For \(0<\rho\leq 2\) let \(\rho=2/(\lambda+1)\). Then \[ \sup_{\|y\|=1}\{\lambda\|Ay\|^2+|\lambda-1|\cdot |(Ay,y)|\}\leq 1 \] if and only if \(w_\rho\leq 1\). Moreover \[ w_\rho(A)\leq\sup_{\|y\|=1}\{\sqrt{\lambda}\|Ay\|+ |\lambda-1|\cdot|(Ay,y)|\}. \] There are also given variants of these results for the case \(2<\rho<\infty\).