No label defined (Q4944516)

A semiring is a non-empty set \(R\) equipped with two binary operations, called addition, \(+\), and multiplication (denoted by juxtaposition) such that \(R\) is multiplicatively a semigroup and additively a commutative semigroup and that the multiplication is distributed across the addition both from the left and from the right. A semiring \(R\) is said to be commutative if it is multiplicatively commutative. An element, denoted by \(0\), is called the zero of \(R\) if \(a+0=a\) and \(0a=a0=0\) for all \(a\in R\). A semiring \(R\) is said to have an identity, if there exists \(1\in R\) such that \(1x=x1=x\) for each \(x\in R\). A semiring \(R\) with a zero \(0\) and an identity \(1\) is said to satisfy ``condition C'' if for each \(0\neq a\in R\) there exist \(r_1,r_2\in R\) such that \(1+r_1a=r_2a\). The author shows that for each square free integer \(n\neq 1\), the system \(\mathbb{Q}^++\mathbb{Q}^+\sqrt n\) (\(\mathbb{Q}^+\) is the set of all nonnegative rational numbers) is a semiring with condition C. Let \(R\) be a commutative semiring with a zero \(0\) and an identity \(1\). It is said to be a Euclidean semiring if and only if there exists a function \(\phi\colon R\to\mathbb{N}^+\), called the Euclidean valuation, where \(\mathbb{N}^+\) is the set of all nonnegative integers, satisfying the following properties. (i) \(\phi(a)\geq 0\) for all \(0\neq a\in R\), (ii) \(\phi(ab)\geq\phi(a)\), where \(a,b\in R\), \(a\neq 0\), \(b\neq 0\), and \(ab\neq 0\), (iii) for any \(a,b\in R\), \(b\neq 0\), there exists \(q_1,q_2,r_1,r_2\in R\) such that \(a+q_1b+r_1=q_2b+r_2\), where either \(r_1=r_2=0\), or \(r_i=0\) and \(\phi(r_j)<\phi(b)\), \(i\neq j\), \(i,j=1,2\), or, else, \(\max\{\phi(r_1),\phi(r_2)\}<\phi(b)\). In this paper the author proves that the polynomial semiring \(R[x]\), when \(R\) is a commutative semiring with condition C having both identity \(1\) and zero element \(0\), is a Euclidean semiring.