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This book is a natural continuation of the book by \textit{B. B. Nesterenko} and \textit{V. A. Marchuk} [Foundation of asynchronous methods for parallel computations. (Russian). Kiev: ``Naukova Dumka'', 176 p. (1989)]. It consists of three chapters. Chapter 1 deals with asynchronous principles in parallel computations in their evolutionary development starting with the origin of the idea of asynchronous principles till the latest results in this area. Chapter 2 deals with investigation of parallel locally-asynchronous iterative methods of the solution of a nonlinear boundary value problem for equations of mathematical physics. This problem is reduced to the problem of the solution of a sequence of operator equations. Asynchronous and locally-asynchronous iterative methods of through computation for the solution of operator equations and sequences of operator equations are developed. Chapter 3 deals with the theory of asynchronous computation directed to increasing of the rate of convergence of the iterative procedures and reducing the time of computation. A new parallel iterative method (multigrid asynchronous) is proposed. This multigrid asynchronous method is applied to investigations of the classical boundary value problems as well as the boundary value problems in the variational formulation.