No label defined (Q4954797)

Let \({\mathfrak H}\) be the complex upper half plane. Then \(SL_2 (\mathbb{Z})\) acts on \({\mathcal H}\) by linear fractional transformation. Let \({\mathfrak H}^*\) be the union of \({\mathfrak H}\) and \(\mathbb{P}^1(\mathbb{Q})\) and, for \(N\geq 1\), let \(\Gamma_0^0 (N)\) be a congruence subgroup of \(\Gamma(1)\) \((= SL_2(\mathbb{Z}))\) defined by \[ \Gamma_0^0(N)= \left\{ \gamma\in \Gamma(1)\mid \gamma\equiv \left( \begin{smallmatrix} *&0\\ 0 &* \end{smallmatrix} \right)\bmod N \right\}. \] The modular curve \(\Gamma_0^0 (N) \setminus {\mathfrak H}^*\) which is a projective closure of smooth affine curve \(\Gamma_0^0(N) \setminus{\mathfrak H}\) is denoted by \(X_0^0(N)\). In this article, we first directly compute the genus \(g(N)\) of the modular curve \(X_0^0(N)\) and show that \(g(N)=0\) if and only if \(1\leq N\leq 5\).