No label defined (Q4955564)

The paper treats binary relations coming from analysis and several cardinal characteristics arising from these relations. It is mainly a survey paper, however, it also gives a more uniform and smoother approach to some of the older results that are recalled, often by strengthening them such that they fit into the framework of Galois-Tukey connections developed by the author around 1990. A lot of interesting older and new open questions are stated (most of which are, to the reviewer's knowledge, still open). In the first section, the definitions of several binary relations are recalled, e.g., \[ R= \{ (f,X) \mid f\: \omega \to 2,\;X \in [\omega ]^\omega ,\;f\restriction X \operatorname {is} \operatorname {constant}\} \] is introduced. The notions of dual relation, of the bounding number \({\mathfrak b}(\mathcal R)\) and of the dominating number \({\mathfrak d}(R)\) are recalled, as well as the very important notion of a Galois-Tukey connection. By citing a striking observation of Yipariki, the author motivates the task to investigate whether there are Borel Galois-Tukey connections between pairs of relations. In the second section the relation of being asymptotically faster divergent is introduced and an inequality proved by Kholshchevnikova is complemented by showing that four relations are Galois-Tukey equivalent, which means that there are connections in both directions. In the third section the limit relations \[ L_{2 \mathcal M}= \{(f,M) \mid f\: \omega \to 2, M \operatorname {Toeplitz} \operatorname {matrix}, \^^M\lim _{i\to \infty } \sum _{j} m_{i,j} f(j) \operatorname {exists}\} \] and their dual chaos relations \(\chi _{\mathcal M2}\) and some related relations are recalled. The product, sum and sequential composition of two relations is recalled and used to locate some relatives of \(L_{2\mathcal M}\) in the middle region of Cichoń's diagram of relations. The author's older result that \({\mathfrak b}(L_{2\mathcal M})\) is less than or equal to the product of bounding number and splitting number is elegantly reproved by making use of the sequential composition of the unbounding and the splitting relation. Numerous open questions on the cardinal characteristics as well as on the existence of Borel Galois-Tukey connections are posed. In an ``added in proof'' section the chaos relation is Galois-Tukey mapped into the relation of finitely splitting, which has been introduced in about the same time by Kamburelis and Wȩglorz.