Normalizers of the congruence subgroups of the Hecke group II (Q4955822)

Part I, cf. ibid. 127, 3131-3140 (1999; Zbl 0926.11027). We use for \(q\geq 3\) the term Hecke group \(G_q\) to be the discrete subgroup \(\langle T,U_q\rangle\) of \(\text{PSL} (2,\mathbb{Z} [\lambda_q])\), where \(\lambda_q= 2\cos \frac{\pi}{q}\) and \(T:z\mapsto -\frac{1}{z}\), \(U_q: z\mapsto z+ \lambda_q\) for \(z\in \mathbb{H}\) the upper half plane. \(G_q\) is an arithmetic Fuchsian group iff \(q= 3, 4\) or 6; and for \(q=3\) we have the classical modular group \(G_3= \Gamma= \text{PSL} (2,\mathbb{Z})\). If \({\mathcal A}\) is an ideal of \(\mathbb{Z} [\lambda_q]\) then the congruence subgroup \(G_0({\mathcal A})\) is defined to be \(G_0({\mathcal A})= \{\sigma: z\mapsto \frac{az+b} {cz+d}\in G_q\mid c\in{\mathcal A}\}\). This is a generalization of the congruence subgroups \(\Gamma_0(n)\) of \(\Gamma\). Let \((\tau)\) be a principal ideal of \(\mathbb{Z} [\lambda_5]\). If \(\tau\) is square-free then \(G_0(\tau)\) is self-normalized in \(\text{PSL} (2,\mathbb{R})\). This contrasts with the cases of the congruence subgroups of \(G_3\), \(G_4\) and \(G_6\) which have strictly larger normalizers because these admit Fricke involutions.