Quantum Lie theory. A multilinear approach (Q495635)

An important event in the development of Hopf algebra theory was the discovery of a class of Hopf algebras, now known as Drinfeld-Jimbo quantum groups, which can be considered as one-parameter deformations of universal enveloping algebras of semisimple complex Lie algebras. After this discovery, multiparameter quantizations appeared in articles by many different authors. A common property unites all of these quantizations with the classical universal enveloping algebras. In order to sketch this property, let us state some definitions. Let \(H\) be a Hopf algebra over a field \(k\), with comultiplication denoted by \(\Delta\). Let \(G\) be the group of group-like elements of \(H\). An element \(a \in H\) is called skew-primitive if there exist \(h, f \in G\) such that \[ \Delta (a) = a \otimes h + f \otimes a. \] If \(g \in G\) and a is skew-primitive, then both ga and ag are also skew-primitive. The element \(a\) is then called \textit{semi-invariant} if \(ga\) and \(ag\) are proportional for all \(g\in G\). We can now define the concept which is central to this monograph. A Hopf algebra \(H\) is called a \textit{character Hopf algebra} if the group of group-like elements \(G\) is commutative and \(H\) is generated over \(kG\) by skew-primitive semi-invariants. The uniting property of the above-mentioned quantizations is then that they are all character Hopf algebras. With this notion at hand, let us now turn to the content of this book. In the second chapter of this monograph, it is shown that every character Hopf algebra has a PBW basis. In the third chapter, a class of character Hopf algebras is introduced that contains all the quantizations mentioned earlier (including the multiparameter ones). These character Hopf algebras are then all considered as universal enveloping algebras of so-called ``quantum Lie algebras''; algebraic objects located inside a character Hopf algebra. In view of the Cartier-Kostant theorem in characteristic zero, the space spanned by skew-primitive elements is treated as a quantum Lie algebra. But, in order to maintain the Cartier-Kostant theorem in characteristic \(p\), the author considers not only binary operations, but also operations involving one or various variables, hence developing the notion of \textit{quantum Lie operation}. The author thus arrives at considering the space spanned by the skew-primitive elements equipped with the quantum Lie operations as a quantum analogue of a Lie algebra. In the fourth chapter of the book, multilinear quantum Lie operations in 2, 3 and 4 variables are classified, amongst other things. The fifth chapter focuses on multilinear quantum Lie operations involving more than 4 variables. Numerous definitions have been proposed for the binary quantum analogue of a Lie algebra, by many different authors. It is mentioned in the monograph that ``it is likely that only the Gurevich-Manin generalization up to Lie \(\tau\)-algebras represents a completely successful definition''. In the seventh chapter, this generalization and its particular cases, Lie superalgebras and color Lie algebras are considered. Amongst other things, a PBW theorem is also presented in this framework. The material of this chapter relies on results presented in the sixth chapter, amongst which a detailed construction of the free braided Hopf algebra and shuffle braided Hopf algebra on the tensor space of a given braided space. In the light of the results presented in the seventh chapter, it might be interesting to mention in this review also the recent article ``Milnor-Moore categories and monadic decomposition'' by \textit{A. Ardizzoni} and \textit{C. Menini} [J. Algebra 448, 488--563 (2016; Zbl 1342.18004)]. Finally, in the last chapter of the book, non-associative primitive polynomials as operations for non-associative Lie theory are considered, similar to how the author considered skew-primitive polynomials as operations for quantum Lie theory. The contents of the chapters 2-8 are mostly based on papers of the author and are here presented as a unified, self-contained whole with the first chapter containing the necessary preliminaries, making the exposition more accessible to a broader audience. The reader is required to have a background in linear algebra; some notions of representation theory are useful as well. Each chapter ends with detailed notes providing pointers to literature and some open questions related to the presented material are discussed as well.