Bilinear equations on Painlevé \(\tau\) functions from CFT (Q496200)

The authors prove that the recently conjectured by Gamayun, Iorgov and Lisovyy representation of the \(\tau\) function for the sixth Painlevé equation in terms of the Liouville conformal blocks satisfies the bilinear Hirota equation. This confirms the identification of the conjectured series representation with the isomonodromic \(\tau\) function. To prove their assertion, the authors substitute the conjectured series representation into the bilinear equation for the isomonodromic \(\tau\) function and obtain two vanishing condtions on the conformal block series. To prove the validity of these conditions, the authors consider the matrix elements of an embedding of a direct sum of two Virasoro algebras into the sum of algebras \(F\oplus NSR\). Using the Whittaker vector decomposition, they introduce a sequence of quantities that satisfy a relation involving a generalized Hirota differential operator. The latter relation with the suitable specialization of the parameters involved allows the authors to confirm the vanishing conditions and thus complete the proof. The full details are given for the PIII case, while for PVI \(\tau\) functions are presented all necessary steps.