Product Hardy operators on Hardy spaces (Q498652)

This paper studies the boundedness on \(H^1(\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R})\) of the product Hausdorff operator, defined by \[ H_\Phi(f)(x,y)=\int_0^\infty \int_0^\infty \frac{\Phi(s,t)}{st} f \left(\frac{x}{s},\frac{y}{t} \right) ds \,dt, \] as well as particular cases, such as the product Hardy operator and the \(k\)-th order product Hardy operator. The general result is as follows: Theorem 1. Assume that \(\Phi\) is a non-negative function. Then \(H_\Phi\) is bounded on \(H^1(\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R})\) if and only if \(\Phi(s,t)\in L^1(\mathbb{R}_+\times \mathbb{R}_+)\). In particular, Theorem 1 shows that the product Hardy operator \({\mathcal H}f(x,y)=\frac{1}{xy} \int_0^x\int_0^y f(t,s) dt \, ds\) is not bounded on \(H^1(\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R})\). However, the following result is proved for \(\mathcal H\): Theorem 2. If \(f\in H^1(\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R})\) is even in both variables, then \[ \| {\mathcal H} f\|_{H^1(\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R})} \leq C \| f\|_{H^1(\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R})}. \] For the \(k\)-th order product Hardy operator \[ {\mathcal H}_{(k)}f(x,y)=\int_1^\infty \int_1^\infty \frac{1}{t^{k+2}s^{k+2}}f(x/t,y/s) dt \, ds, \] the following theorem is proved, using Fefferman's theorem on the boundedness of a linear operator from \(H^p(\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R})\) to \(L^p(\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R})\). Theorem 3. \({\mathcal H}_{(k)}\) is bounded on \(H^p(\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R})\) if \(k>1/p-1\).