Renormalization-group study of a superconducting phase transition: asymptotic behavior of higher expansion orders and results of three-loop calculations (Q499410)

This paper investigates the asymptotic behavior of higher orders (ABHO) of quantum field expansions of the theory with an interaction term in the fourth power of \(\varphi\) with a matrix skew-symmetric field. First, the effective action part, used in the analysis, is written in the form of the Ginzburg-Landau Hamiltonian and the stability criterion for the action (the condition for the positive definiteness of an interaction term) is stated. Then the main rules of the diagram technique for the theory with the action are formulated. The results of the calculation of the renormalization group (RG) functions in the three-loop approximation are presented. Instead of seeking the fixed points of the RG equation in this approximation and analyzing them, the authors restrict themselves to analyzing the behavior of phase trajectories. As a result, they obtain equations for the invariant charges in the form of the \(\varepsilon\)-expansion. The parameter \(\varepsilon = 4-D\) defines the deviation of the space dimension (\(D\)) from the dimension of the logarithmic theory. To study the equations at the physical values \(\varepsilon = 1\) and 2, i.e., when the expansion parameter is large, a resummation of the remaining terms of the equations is used. This resummation is carried out using the Borel transformation, which requires the ABHO of the expansion of the equations. The ABHO is found using the methods of instanton analysis. The authors find several instantons with different matrix structures. These structures are essential in a Borel resumming at various ratios of the considered charges. Then, the RG equation is resummed and solved for invariant charges. Numerical analysis of the equations demonstrates that the characteristic behavior of invariant charges does not change substantialy compared with the results of one-loop calculations both before reaching the stability domain boundary and in a sufficiently large domain outside the stability domain of the system. So the phase transition to a superconductivity state in a fermionic system in which charge carriers have \(r\geq4\) is presumably of the first order and occurs at higher temperatures than those predicted by the conventional theory.