An affine version of a theorem of Nagata (Q500834)

Let \(R\) be an affine \(k\)-domain over the field \(k\). The paper's main result is that, if \(R\) admits a non-trivial embedding in a polynomial ring \(K[s]\) for some field \(K\ni k\), then \(R\) can be embedded in a polynomial ring \(F[t]\) which extends \(R\) algebraically. This theorem can be applied to subrings of a ring which admits a non-zero locally nilpotent derivation. In this way, the author obtains a concise new proof of the cancellation theorem for rings of transcendence degree one for fields of characteristic zero. The author provides connection with Lüroth theorem. The proof is elegant, using LND-derivations and ML-invariant as the main tool. Note that the same result can be obtained pretty different way using method of the papers [\textit{A. Belov} and \textit{J.-T. Yu}, J. Algebra 319, No. 6, 2235--2242 (2008; Zbl 1133.14056)] and [\textit{A. Belov} et al., J. Algebra 281, No. 1, 161--166 (2004; Zbl 1056.13008)], see also [\textit{A. Belov} and \textit{J.-T. Yu}, Commun. Algebra 34, No. 4, 1521--1540 (2006; Zbl 1096.14045)]. If one can embed affine domain to cylinder over another domain of bigger dimension, then it is possible to replace one variable to some polynomial over other variable, such that one can get still embedding. Similar result holds for rings.